Substance abuse trends US Essay Example for Free

Substance abuse trends US Essay Drug trends have changed over many years and new drugs are always evolving. It is difficult for enforcement agencies to keep up with the new drugs and the form they are used. Drugs include methqualonein the 1970’s then in the 1980’s fluniyrazepam and more recently oxycodone hydrochloride. (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) The use of cannabis, methamphetamine and heroin has observed an upward trend. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) One of the new methods of delivery was by filling cigars with cannabis were observed by African American teenagers in the 1990’s and its use has spread. It was usual to have a malt liquor with them and it was called a blunt and is observed in many movies as well. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) Columbian heroin was gaining popularity as it was stronger then that from Asia and could be snorted. Marijuana was the most popular by far and crack cocaine became popular because it doesn’t require to be injected and so less risk of acquiring HIV. (CBS news 2007) However injecting crack cocaine by mixing it with vinegar or lemon juice was observed. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 003) In 2007 Cocaine and methamphetamine use among young adults declined significantly last year as supplies dried up, leading to higher prices and reduced purity, and the government reports. Overall use of illicit drugs showed little change. (Freking, K. 2008) The higher user of drugs in Hispanics and Poet Ricans. (Valdez, A. 2005) It is also more common amongst males in these groups who see it as macho or manly amongst Hispanics and a part of their identity . Also these groups face a lot of problems and poverty. There is higher unemployment and low emphasis on education. Access to health is limited. Hispanics have a cholo identity which is street based identity with a street based social network. This is often through generations and the most common drug abused is Heroin. (Valdez, A. 2005) Cholo Identity which was an oppositional culture in these communities that developed a distinct language patterns, style of dress, tattoos, car culture, music. Sometimes referred to as a pachuco lifestyle (e. g. oot suit 1940’s) (Valdez, A. 2005) Drug use is a means to act out macho values or risk taking, excess, to demonstrate socially valued toughness and craziness. Hypermasculinity in its exaggerated form includes fighting, daring deeds, seducing women, asserting independence from women, etc. (Valdez, A. 2005) there has been a victimisation of these groups and arrests due to drug laws have targeted Hispanics making a lot of them beyond the reach of organisations willing to help. About one in five adults in the U.  S acknowledge the use of drugs Drug use in the 50-59 age group increased as more baby boomers join the category . (CBS,2007) In Mexican culture, men often feel honour and pride when they are the protectors of their families. These traditional attitudes are influenced by the Catholic faith and the importance of family in the Mexican culture. Yet, embracing these traditional attitudes may lead to a greater risk for problems such as depression, substance abuse, violence and reluctance to seek psychological assistance. (Nauert, R. 2008) The use of drugs in school age children is an increasing problem . here is it leading to serious damage. (Califano, J. 2007) According to the National Institute on Drug Abuses 2002 monitoring the Future Study, 53% of high school seniors reported using an illicit drug at least once in their lives, 41% within the past year, and 25. 4% within the past month (Drug data summary 2003) . A lot of criminals are on drugs and acquiring in 2000, Americans spent an estimated $36 billion on cocaine, $11 billion on marijuana, $10 billion on heroin, $5. billion on methamphetamine, and $2. 4 billion on other illegal substances (Drug data summary 2003) Drug related crime can be due to its use or selling and acquiring drugs. Drugs modify individual behaviour and can generate violence and illegal activity. In 2006 5. 3percent of homicides were drug related. In the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 32% of state prisoners and 26% of federal prisoners said they had committed their current offence while under the influence of drugs. Among state prisoners, drug offenders (44%) and property offenders (39%) reported the highest incidence of drug use at the time of the offence. Among federal prisoners, drug offenders (32%) and violent offenders (24%) were the most likely to report drug use at the time of their crimes. (BJS, 2006) It can be seen that the cost to the society can be immense. From small robberies to the fear of gangs and gun crime to murders. It is hard to say the total impact to a society in the form of lost labour . there is the spread of HIV, HBV and HCV which are hard to cure and can be transferred to families. The costs in terms of health and financing healthcare for these diseases can be extremely expensive and emotionally difficult as often these diseases are terminal. It is a high price to pay for the occasional thrill that some drug abusers seek. Dealing with the problem has always been difficult as new drugs emerge and drugs become cheaper to have wider appeal. Also the culture of night clubs and alcohol has seen a college and university students embrace drugs without much thought as to the consequences. Drinks get spiked in clubs and often result in sexual exploitation of young women . Arrests and drug laws to prevent drugs being freely available may increase the availability on the black market but this results in supplies being unsafe and even further danger to drug users. Education in schools and at risk communities doesn’t often create the impact it should. For example in the Hispanic groups where a lot of arrests on drug laws were targeted often don’t want to trust authorities who are trying to tackle this problem. In conclusion the costs to any society are high and drug use is increasingly a problem of developed countries according to the WHO. Legal and illegal use of drugs was most strongly associated with age, sex, and income. Higher income was associated with a greater likelihood of drug use for all drug types examined, which is perhaps not surprising given that drug use requires disposable income. Relationship status was linked to illegal (but not legal) drug use: both cocaine and cannabis use were more likely among persons who had never been married or previously been married. These associations remained statistically robust after adjustment for age, sex, and the other variables considered here. The US, which has been driving much of the worlds drug research and drug policy agenda, stands out with higher levels of use of alcohol, cocaine, and cannabis, despite punitive illegal drug policies, as well as (in many US states), a higher minimum legal alcohol drinking age than many comparable developed countries. The Netherlands, with a less criminally punitive approach to cannabis use than the US, has experienced lower levels of use, particularly among younger adults.

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Essays

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Ofel: Alas, what a change is this? Ham: But if thou wilt needes marry, marry a foole, For wisemen know well enough, What monsters you make of them, to a Nunnery goe. Ofel: Pray God restore him. Ham: Nay, I have heard of your painting too, God hath giuen you one face, And you make your selues another, --HAMLET, Prince of Denmarke, The First Quarto The title page of the second quarto of Hamlet claims that the text beneath it is "Newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much / againe as it was, according to the true and perfect / Coppie." Taking this at face value, three facts necessary follow: That there is at least one earlier edition (or else this one could not be "newly imprinted...again"); that the earlier edition was shorter (or else this one could not be "enlarged"); and that this quarto does not include some lines from the "perfect Coppie" (since it is "almost as much"). Indeed, a First Quarto exists dated a year earlier (1603); Q1 is shorter some 1600 lines; and the Folio does restore certain seemingly authorial passages. It appears as if "I.R.," the printer, or "N.L.," the publisher, is correct on all possible counts. We cannot even condemn I.R. or N.L. for self-interested advertising. They admit that their copy is "almost," but not quite, "perfect."* Thus we might wish to take seriously one further point that the tit le page tries to make, namely, that the earlier quarto was neither "true" nor "perfect," and therefore is corrupted not simply in its brevity, but also in the presentation of the text which it actually does contain. This would mean that Q1 did not use the "true and perfect Coppie" as its copy-text. It does not seem preposterous to rephras... ...ay. The strategic early placing of the "To be or not to be, I there's the point" monologue gives it less weight than it has in Q2, as if it were the beginning of Hamlet's train of thought as opposed to the turning point we often think it is when we read a modern edition. Indeed, "the point" is more absolute than "the question." Hamlet does not fight with himself to solve a problem, but merely expresses what that problem is. To argue that this is oversimplification is to oversimplify: it is a revision. It is an Elizabethan argument, positing that a truly revengeful Hamlet would definitely shy away from suicide for hope of salvation, while the confused avenger Hamlet would probably shy away from suicide for fear of punishment. That in itself sheds light on the pop psychology of the day, and thus how we ought to read Hamlet's psychology in the context of its time.

Market Concept Essay

Article from Karl Moore: Karl Moore is PHd associate professor in the Faculty of Management at McGill University was responsible for writing the article â€Å"The Marketing Concept- RIP† which was published July 17th, 2006. He discusses the decline and the increasing irrelevance of the marketing concept idea and how firms are adapting this strategy in today’s market. Moore emphasis on the following points: 1. Importance of market research before launching a product 2. The need to focus on the product’s usage by the end users 3. The difficulty firms face to implement the marketing concept strategy in today’s market place. The author uses the example of the high-tech sector and explains why he feels the marketing concept applied in this way is no longer relevant, then goes into detail about how it is not just limited to the high-tech sector. To understand Moore’s article you need to understand what marketing and the marketing concept it first. Marketing consists of individual and organizational activities that facilitate and expedite satisfying exchange relationships in a dynamic environment through the creation, distribution, promotion and pricing of goods, services and ideas. The main principles of marketing are to satisfy customers, target the â€Å"right’ customer, facilitate exchange relationships, stay ahead of competitors and enhance profitability (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). The ultimate goal is to satisfy targeted customers, seeking their loyalty and consumption. The marketing concept can be defined as the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 17). In his opening paragraph Moore mentions that the marketing concept is â€Å"coming to a close† and heading towards a â€Å"semi-retirement†. I strongly disagree with this statement. Why? Since the marketing concept era many companies are now transitioning to the market orientation era (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 17). The focus of the market orientation era is mainly on continuously collecting information about customer needs and competitors’ capabilities and to use this information to create value, ensure customer satisfaction and develop customer relationships (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). Let us look at how Netflix took the Marketing concept in stride. Netflix involved the identification of the unmet or underserved customer needs. Reed Hastings, founder and creator of Netflix started off as a video rental customer himself, tired of paying late fees and having to run to the video store when he wanted to watch a movie, he decid ed to create something simpler and more convenient for customers (Dean. 2010). He was able to draw upon personal experience to help establish the opportunity nucleus and survey what other customers wanted out of a video store. The movie rental industry had already established methods surrounding video rental, late return policies, and membership rules. Hastings believed that without competition, these brick-and-mortar movie rental companies would never have a reason to change (Dean. 2010). Reed Hastings, decided to disrupt the traditional video rental business by introducing a new twist on the home movie service (Dean. 2010). A perfect example of advances in technology, adaptation of DVD media over VHS, and an unmet consumer demand is responsible for the successful launch of Hastings’ vision of Netflix. Not unlike other innovative start-up companies, Netflix has undergone several strategy shifts (Dean. 2010). Each change in focus or direction has assured that the company remains dominate in the movie rental industry. It appears that Hastings has followed the Marketing Concept to a tee, he started off with collection information from customer needs’ (his own) and the competitors capabilities (video rental companies were not in a position to change their rules and regulations) and he completed the circle by using customer knowledge to create customer satisfaction as Netflix still remains more popular than Blockbuster or Rogers Video. Moore goes into more detail about the high tech industry, giving the example of the Sony walkman and how the product was developed. He also explains that if Sony followed the Marketing concept theory in creating the walkman, it would have failed. He follows this explanation of the Sony walkman with the comment â€Å"with many high tech products you cannot get a very reliable data from current customers about the potential uses of your future products. † This statement is by far the most ludicrous statement thru out the entire article and makes absolutely no sense. The vast majority of high tech industries rely solely on how customers perceive new and future products. Look at the Apple IPods. Apple made sure they always stayed ahead of the game by releasing new hardware, software, or better and newer applications for the iPod (Taber. 2007). People love new and flashy products so this was a great way to sell a product. The iPod has become a fashion accessory and a must have. People salivate if there hear a new and more updated version of the iPod is coming out, they want a product that can hold more music and data. Why would they want a â€Å"dinosaur† iPod that only holds 1000 songs when they can get an iPod that holds 2000, takes videos, and has downloadable apps? In this sense, the iPod marketing concept strategy made sense because it consistently advanced Apple’s emerging goal of making the Mac the hub of a digital lifestyle (Taber. 2007). It also aligned with the company’s strategic goal of frequently releasing innovative new products in an effort to stay ahead of a curve of consumers who quickly get tired of old gadgets. As usual, it was a strategy that leveraged the benefits of existing technology, and it made sense from the point of view that it was consistent with what historically drove the company, is bringing products to people that were stylish and easy to use. So if Apple didn’t use the marketing concept strategy, it would have failed. The one paragraph in Moore’s article that I do agree with is when he mentions that a great deal of high tech industries do spend more time launching a new product then developing the product. Models of new product development prescribe critical stages that organizations should go through to have a successful product launch (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271). Regardless of the model, critical phases include: product idea generation, idea screening, concept testing, and business analysis, marketing mix development, test marketing and commercialization (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271). In theory, going through these stages systematically helps organizations weed out the potential failures. Customer focus is an integral component of the product development process that is often ignored. The need to incorporate the voice of the customer (adopt the marketing concept) at every phase is imbedded in these models of new product development, each phase contributing additional knowledge as to what customers want (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 263-264). Yet concept testing and test marketing are most often overlooked y new product development teams as they rush to get their product to market before the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 259-260). Unfortunately, this can lead to fatal errors when customer expectations are extremely high – or when dealing with a sophisticated customer – as is the case for high tech products. An example of this was the Apple Newton; Apple pre-announced the Newton before it was ready. In terms of the product offering, it was neither a complete product nor a fully functional product (Hormby. 006). In the hurry to get to the market, Apple had not fully developed the handwriting recognition software, one of the featured attributes (Hormby. 2006). While innovators and early adopters are willing to take risks on new products, they do expect a minimal level of performance which the Apple Newton could not deliver. Moore also makes a valid statement in his end paragraph with respect for non-tech marketers have to know who their key customers will be and how the marketers should focus their research efforts. Customer focus, a core element of the marketing concept, is certainly a widely adopted buzzword today, one which is stressed in all introductory marketing texts. While the marketing concept applies to all industries, it is particularly important in technologically driven industries that have been among the first to introduce quality techniques, many of which begin with capturing the â€Å"voice of the customer†. (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2008, p. 259). Look at how Apple launched its iPod back in 2001 to appeal to customers. When you watch the iPod commercials on television – what did you see? You see a bunch of people dancing on a colored background. There are women and men, but you don’t know anything else about them. This advertisement is ingenious for many reasons. For one, you don’t know where these people are. They could be anywhere in the world. Secondly, you don’t know who they are or what they do for a living. They can be anyone. All you know is that they are enjoying the music and rocking out. This is what makes that commercial so great and such an excellent idea. It allows anyone in the world to be that person. In conclusion, Moore is correct in his assumption that many high tech industries are in a rush to release their product before actually developing their product. However, it is very unrealistic of him to state that if companies follow the marketing concept they would be doomed to fail, he needs to look at many of the successes of the high tech market such as the Apple iPod or Netflix and how many non-tech industries can learn from Apple’s/Netflix marketing strategy. Although this article was written back in 2006, many advances of technology have taken place and it’s foolish to think that the marketing concept had nothing to do with this advancement. Refernces Crane, F. G. , Kerin, R. A. , Hartley, S. W. & Rudelius W. (2008). Marketing. (7th Canadian ed. ). Toronto, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Taber, David. (17 Sept. 2007 ). â€Å"The Taber Report on IPod Marketing. † The Taber Report. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from http://www. taberconsulting. com/download/dtr-35. htm. Weisbein, Jeff. 1 March. 2008). â€Å"The iPod Success: Thank the Marketing Department†. Retrieved May 5, 2011, from http://www. besttechie. net/2008/03/01/the-ipod-success-thank-the-marketing-department/. Hormby, Tom. (7 Feb. 2006). â€Å"The Story Behind Apple’s Newton†. Retrieved April 25th, 2011 from http://lowendmac. com/orchard/06/john-sculley-newton-origin. html. Dean, Gregory. (10 Nov. 2010). â€Å"Netflix: An Online Business Beyond Geniusà ¢â‚¬ . Retrieved May 15, 2011 from http://marketography. com/2010/11/10/online-business-beyond-genius/.

The Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay - 1743 Words

‘Without setting, characters are simply there, in a vacuum, with no reason to act and most importantly, no reason to care.’ The setting gives place for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularity with Elizabethan writers, maybe as a form of escapism, to have a crypto - catholic approach, as this country was the largest and still is the largest Catholic country. Or a more general form of escapism from the society at that time. Writing for a predominantly working class audience, Shakespeare’s work is an escapism from the audiences hardship of life. The play is set in two principle locations, Cyprus and Venice. ‘Renaissance Venice was both a city and a world’ (David McPherson Shakespeare, Jonson and the Myth of Venice). Italy is the world’s largest Catholic country, It has been hinted that William Shakespeare was a Crypto - Catholic.(Clare Asquith s, Shadowplay) Some believe that he spent time in Italy studying abroad, as he disappeared from the local parish role (which is how the Government kept track of the people that lived in the country). He reappeared on the parish role when Elizabeth stated that every English person should return to England. Which explains whyShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesscholars, but also appears on modern historical events and newspaper as well. Playwright and poetry are an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best classical playwright such as Othello not only appeals to conscious mind, but also to the subconsc ious mind. â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice,† written by William Shakespeare from the sixteenth century is a tragic love play, and it is an excellent example of â€Å"Renaissance humanism,† said Paul A. Jorgensen, author of the Twayne PublishersRead MoreOthello, The Moor Of Venice, Is One Of The Principal Tragedies1180 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice, is one of the principal tragedies by Shakespeare. This tragedy contains many themes which are important in society today. Many aspects of people s lives have changed, but the way people think is still the same . Shakespeare s Othello wants to underline the psychological and social impact of racism; and the power of manipulation as well as jealousy. These are the most important themes throughout this drama. Othello takes place in Venice, Italy. He was a black generalRead MoreDesdemona as a Victim in the Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is widely known for his famous plays, sonnets, and other works including the tragedy. In The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, many characters are unjustly victimized. Throughout the play, Othello’s wife, Desdemona, is a victim of many false statements that lead to her ultimate death. In the beginning, Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, believes that Desdemona is a victim under a spell of the Moor Othello. AsRead MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into eac h line and action. The powerRead More Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples1319 Words   |  6 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirementsRead MoreOthello : An Aristotelian Tragedy And Tragic Hero1604 Words   |  7 PagesOthello, an Aristotelian Tragedy and Tragic Hero When reading a story, specifically a tragedy, what stands out? Tragedy often enables its audience to reflect on personal values that might be in conflict with civil ideas, on the claims of minorities that it neglected or excluded from public life, on its on irrational prejudices toward the foreign of the unknown (Kennedy Gioia, 2103, p. 857). Readers feel sympathy for the characters, especially the tragic hero. Othello, the Moor of Venice isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moore Of Venice1520 Words   |  7 Pages Othello, The Moore of Venice is a production, adapted from one of Shakespeare’s plays. Shakespeare has written many plays, The Moore of Venice is one he wrote during a dark time in his career in between his most famous works Hamlet and King Lear the profound re-workings of old plays. According to Kristin Johnsen-Nashati (Aug. 8, 2005), â€Å"some scholars have speculated that Shakespeare wrote Othello to please King James I. The setting of this play takes place during the ancient Greek renaissance sometimeRead MoreOthello: The Tragedy of an Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a powerful example of a tragedy and it’s main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreThe Protagonist in Willima Shakespeare ´s Othello810 Words   |  4 PagesThe central character, or protagonist, in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, The Moor of Venice is Othello. Aristotle defined the concept of a tragic hero as the destruction of a noble person, usually with a personal flaw, and thi s flaw determines their fate. Othello is a tragic hero with a tragic flaw in one of Shakespeare’s most known tragedies. Shakespeare so prominently exhibits the tragic flaw Othello obtains, allowing implications and thoughts, to overrun reality and show how just the insecurityRead MoreDeath and Everyman640 Words   |  3 Pagesbackground and overview of Aristotle’s concept of tragedy/the tragic hero and drama. This chapter also contains critical information on Sophocles and the play Oedipus. You may use any of the critical material as a secondary source, but remember to cite it correctly. 2. Discuss William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice as a tragedy. As defined by Aristotle, is it correct to label Othello a â€Å"tragic hero† and to classify the play as an Aristotelian tragedy? Review Chapter 34 of your textbook for

Global Reporting Initiative And Its Sustainability Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3605 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The Global Reporting Initiative was firstly organized by the coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies Services (CERES), a non-profit union of over 50 investor, environmental, spiritual, labour and social justice groups. Its idea is that reporting on environmental, economic, and social performance by all businesses is as practice and similar as financial reporting. The GRI has increased a set of main metrics planed to be related to all business enterprises, a set of sector exact metrics for exact types of enterprises and a identical format for reporting information important to a companys sustainability performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Reporting Initiative And Its Sustainability Business Essay" essay for you Create order As its beginning, the GRI has developed into a worldwide, multi stakeholder system which contains agents from business, labour, investors, civil society, accountants and others. Reviews to the framework take place during an extensive set of committees and subcommittees, but the GRI says that its multi-stakeholder move towards ensure the reliability and expectation needed to create a global framework successful. The GRI Sustainability Reporting directives advise exact information narrated to environmental, social and economic performance. It is prepared about a CEO declaration, key environmental, social and economic indicators, and a summary of the reporting unit, explanations of significant strategies and management systems, stakeholder affiliations, management performance, operational performance, product performance and a sustainability indication (Bryson, 2004). ABN Amro Glow on Sustainable Banking Selected A News Business Report, May 2006 the FT Sustainable Banking Awards have declared its shortlisted nominees, and exposed that ABN Amro has been shortlisted for each category. The awards aspire to know what are illustrated as the mainly sustainable banks from around the world. Its all about their sustainability and management performance and their CSR that how they implement the strategies inside the organization, they are run by the Financial Times in union with the World Banks confidential sector organisation, the International Finance Corporation. Five shortlisted candidates generally for top reward, Sustainable Bank of the Year are ABN Amro from the Netherlands, HSBC from the UK, Bank Sarasin from Switzerland, West LB from Germany and Westpac from Australia. HSBC known Sustainable Bank of the year Honour The News from Business Report Jun 2006 Global bank HSBC has been announced as sustainable bank of the year at the Financial Times Sustainable Banking Awards. The bank was mentioned for an amalgamated move towards to the triple bottom line as well as its industry-leading shift to go carbon neutral as piece of its generally position on environment modify. Previous categories saw ABN Amro actual awarded the rising markets sustainable bank of the year, because all about their sustainability and management performance and their CSR that how they implement the strategies inside the outside of the organization, Citigroup and Banamex for sustainable deal of the year and Credit Suisse for sustainable energy finance contract of the year. Integrated New Reporting Partnership commenced News from Business Report 2 Aug 2010 a original scheme planed at overhauling international company reporting has been started. The International Integrated Reporting Committee says that it will assume a essential reconsider of reporting, intending to convert the way companies formulate financial governance, and CSR statements. It says that, usual styles of reporting had be unsuccessful to attentive investors to the risks that companies, mostly banks, were running preceding to the financial crisis. The time is accurate to take advantage of the ensuing dissatisfaction to attain major restructuring. The alliance contains bodies such as organizations Nestle, Aviva, EDF and banks like HSBC as well as the UKs Prince of Wales Accounting for Sustainability and the Global Reporting Initiative. The committee will create a framework for a global world representation for integrated reporting and CSR. It intends is to sustain long term investors in making decisions support on the longe r-term penalty of what organizations or companies do. Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Ethics is the part of the culture of the individual business corporation. Becker and Fritzsche (1987) studied on different ethical perceptions between American, French and German executives. 39% of the Americans said that paying money for business favour was unethical. 12% French and none of the Germans were agreed in it. In the United States Japanese companies have been accused for avoiding the employment ethnic minority groups by the careful location of their factories (Cole and Deskins 1988, pp. 17-19). Likewise, Japanese standards on employee health and safety are as high as those anywhere in the world (Wokutch 1990). The disparate nature of ethical standards between countries will be one of the key HR issues to be addressed in the future. There will gradually be a growing together of national practice on working hours, but it will take much longer for rates of pay to harmonise. Corporate Social Responsibility as Activity in Organization 1.) Marketplace Corporate social responsibility is concerning doing what you do true, then the marketplace issues are concerning doing the right thing. Get action the right thing can be the only mainly vital feature of your business in expressions of protecting its longer term feasibility. Related Your Business The costs can be high and you get it wrong. More than the previous few years, there have been high profile losses Monsanto on GM Shell on the Brent Spar Nike on human rights, and generally currently Camelot on a problem recitation to integrity in the supply chain. No one of these companies and organizations yet imagined they would rapidly find themselves on the incorrect end of consumer view in a way that would break their business. No one of them consider they were functioning in a wrong way but all of them get trapped by varying acuities and rising matters for which they were not prepared. Related Benefits Please your customers are becoming more and more challenging. As price and value become more alike, they are looking in the direction of brand values which equal possess, and companies or organizations whose performance they can admiration. A massive quantity of a companys market investment can be what is called intangibles 96% of Coca Colas, for example and such intangibles are immensely fixed to corporate status. Manage Risk You always want that your customer always remember best good things you do, you can be certain theyll remember most the times you mess up. Only one oil drop and one case of a supplier mistreating human rights, one piece of unconstructive advertising about discrimination and youll suffer the pain. Attract investment A rising amount of investment companies and organizations look for secure investments and describe these in conditions of good management of intangibles. The Issues The collision on culture of your main products and services Trading Ethical Advertising Ethical Action for selection of suppliers 2.) Environment Any person with family has a chance in future generations and the skill of the situation to hold life. But environmental good quality rehearsal is also regarding business efficiency its about the top use of expensive raw materials and nourishing the profits of action straight from side to side to the bottom line. Related Your Business The question is the environmental bottom line of your processes. The answer is joined up in the quantity of force you utilize and the giving this power utilizes makes in the direction of matters such as the climate change. If you find it wrong, the costs should be high. The necessitate for worldwide action is ever more important governments to start to price higher all the way through taxation the vital resources which require preserving. Keep your trust on these resources too extensive, and you can locate your competitors leaving you behind. And in a few case if you have not considered your progression to recognize where misuse occurs, you have perhaps losing out on around 1% of your generally turnover that could be controlled straight from the refuse heap to the bottom line. Related Benefits Please your customers are attractive ever more demanding. As consciousness of the international size of environmental problems produces, they are appearing for companies to present them with purchasing decision which can be taken without allowancing the future. Reduce Your Costs You always want to improve your efficiency and more creative or improved quality to introduce new brand model, energy, wasted water, raw materials that are paid for and then thrown away, possible environmental mishaps foremost to well all these are costing your business money. Manage Risk All kind of collisions in conditions whether companies approach to be seen as a supplier of option by their corporate customers a lot of whom are now starting to think supply chain issues in their own environmental strategies. The Issues Towards, greenhouse gas productions from side to side energy utilize and other parts of your progression. Make use of of raw materials, both non-renewable capital which by description are not sustainable in the long term, and as significantly renewable resources which are shaped in a fashion which is not now sustainable. Possible for environmental mishaps discharge of impurity into water, air or land. 3.) Workplace One of the companys and organizations major optimistic collision on society will be the jobs you afford, and the capital you place into the community using the income you pay. But a big optimistic can be a big deficiency if you separate or you offer soul obliterating worthless work that obtains no explanation of your peoples accurate to a personal life. And the easy statement of the subject is that if people are your companys supreme asset, you require investing critically to start to understand the profits or returns. Related Your Business The company employ most of people but how much do the company intensely get from those, if you pay good salary but company cannot keep hold of them it might be that youre lost out on a essential reality of human nature people require to be developed, and confronted, and look after for them to be encouraged to gather your business goals. Current reviews and surveys of business leaders have recommended that the capability to employ and grasp onto enter talent is one of the largest rising matters for businesses. There is a lot of proof as well that the corporate status of the business as well as its corporate social responsibility is observe as a key factor for a important amount of new graduates allowing for where they should go. Related Benefit For example, strength throughout diversity if you always employ persons who seem like you, the probability are you will simply still trade to persons who look like you as well. Your customers desire to seem at your company or organization and observe them returned back and if you feel like to know how to move towards that gradually more diverse marketplace, you require employing persons who understand the motivations, goals and the objectives of all your customers. Manage Risk You do not want to be told how multifaceted employment legislation has developed, it actually is a issue now that disappointed workforce means probable lawsuits and tribunals but if the company or organization ultimately succeed its case, it should be time consuming and expensive. The Issues Work-life balance of your workers Management diversity in the employees Training, development programs for life-long learning Eliminate rude or harassment behaviour Arguments Against Corporate Social Responsibility The arguments for a collectively accountable move towards were extensively accepted, no one would yet use the tag CSR because everybody would be action it. Those of persons who spend our time assembling the box for would do fine to spend a small time enquiry the case beside, and allowing for what would be the reaction. One of the best confronts in view of cases for and against CSR is the large variety of explanation of CSR that worldwide people use. We suppose now we are discussion about responsibility and duties in how the company bring out its main function not purely about companies philanthropic money gone to charity. Most of the key arguments mainly often used against CSR and a few responses. Businesses are possess by their shareholders capital spent on CSR by managers is stealing of the equitable belongings of the holder or owners. The influence of the laisser-faire 1980s, still being known controlling influence by promoter such as Elaine Sternberg. Sternberg disputes that there are some human rights case beside CSR, which is that a stakeholder move towards to management leave without shareholders of their possessions rights. She conditions that the objectives required by conservative observation of social responsibility are ridiculous. For not all features of CSR are responsible of this, though that. Sternberg conditions that normal decorum, sincerity and justice should be accepted of any business or organizations. Response: In the initial example, this case powerfully depends on the replica of social responsibility accept by the business organism a charitable one. The beginning indicates statement is that, all the way through CSR, businessess simply gets to give away money which fairly fit in to other people. If the CSR is seeing as a development by which the business manages its dealings with a diversit y of important stakeholders who can have a genuine power on its licence to activate, the business case turn into straight away evident. CSR is regarding building dealings with customers, in relation to attracting and keeping brilliant staff, regarding managing risk, and concerning promises status. Outside of that macro scale, the argument holds up less well. Many companies actually spend considerable time and money seeking to influence the formation of public policy in their area of interest (Baker, 2009). If CSR is basically about respecting the law and paying taxes, then the above statement is fairly comment able statement. If it is about managing the demands and expectations of opinion formers, customers, shareholders, local communities, governments and environmental NGOs if it is about managing risk and reputation, and investing in community resources on which we later depend then the argument is a nonsense (Baker, 2009). Corporations do not actually think about they are n ow out to turn the poor and the environment to create their obscene profits. Corporations do not really think about they are now out to turn the poor and the environment to create their obscene profits. Response: Corporations have their split of equipment to respond for but I only do not identify the distrustful picture of business leaders in a lot of the people. The statement is that if we have involved in the actual solutions to world poverty or environmental poverty, we have a few kind of vision about how solutions will be originate. I have not seen the idea explain by the anti-corporatist association that shows how the problems will be work out by us in some way achievement over them large business. The solutions to these ordinary problems will also be ordinary solutions or they would not be solutions. By all resources provide watchful inspection to those who use the most power. But be familiar with CSR as a business framework which facilitates the general solution of capital formation as people and the environment mattered. Corporate Social Responsibility is it aÂÂ  Myth We live in the world of Establishment Corporations, who are investing in several markets all over the worldwide. ÂÂ  The time of Globalization has see worldwide society demand corporations or organizations do not exist over the law, and thought responsible for their acts. Last some decades, we have seen the re-appearance of the Super Corporate unit. These corporations and organizations are massive have that make bigger over the world and workers from many cultures and nations are closely busy in political dialogues in many authorities, and in general they made a lot of money. ÂÂ  But in the end what they do with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). As the worldwide people we have demanded that corporations perform in an ethical and responsible manner as we the people of the worldwide. Life is the now pure profit and we anticipate our corporations or organizations to reproduce this globe in which or where we live. The problem is that with Corporate Social Responsibili ty is mainly in the name itself. Corporations or organizations are not societal enterprises they do not have main functions to have gathering or parties and go to the pub with a mates or friends, or make sure that societies are consistent. Corporations or organizations above all over the western world, have main functions of making a profit on it. The higher the profit enhanced the operations. When you see there are few people who like this thing as be honest you believe they are not nice citizens and if you do not want to observe them you would not. Thus if Corporations or organizations cannot be social how can they be trustworthy to be accountable? Last some decades, a few huge corporations had brand damage owing to destitute ethical trainings such as; Nike with make use of Child Labour, ExxonMobil among the Alaskan Oil Spill, and so other examples of brand damage due to a CSR failures. This brand damage has frequently effects in large losses and that affects more profitability . So when profitability goes downwards then what happens, the share price goes down and down. The current BP Gulf of Mexico Oil failure is a major example of this. It become visible as if BP has not performed in an unlawful way, they have worked accurately as compulsory under government policies, and minimum operating standards. ÂÂ  But, questions have gone up as to whether BP operates to best preparation standards, in the expansion and organization of the Oil Rig and Well. ÂÂ  The BP CEO newly recommended that the danger to this Oil stage of fall down was one Million. They had created the well in a further precise method and extra responsible way then the risk might have been one billion. That cynic would propose that BP has currently determined to combine the CSR budget with the Marketing budget, to obtain the top message away there regarding how they will assist clean up the mess. Its all about to managing the Brand and not essentially regarding managing the environm ental calamity. So, BP is as well attractive a beat to the share price, so there is few corporate chance out there but its too little too late. So, countless other examples are that we do not know about where least standards have been working to make sure profitability, and nil has left wrong. So, these create the cost cutting look for profitability ethical, and what price do we put on this corporate social behaviour. Corporate Social Responsibility to be vital to Establishment Corporations afterwards we want to build up a financial system that rewards corporations for spending on environmental management, corporate social responsibility, and ethical trainings. An anticipation of this, we will carry on to see big corporations or organizations create decisions that are resolute by the final profitability and the share price that pursue. Alliance for Research in Corporate Sustainability Harvard Business School Firms expend a Lot of Money on Corporate Social Responsibility Why? Economics View of CSR The Friedman Doctrine The US 155 firms are descriptions corporate charity totalling $11.5 billion in 2007 giving in Numbers 2008 almost. In the organization or corporation manager is the agent who individually own the corporation primary responsibilities to them. As his performance in agreement with his social responsibility reduce return stockholders, according to the situation he is spending their money. The stockholders could independently use their own money on the exacting achievement if they wished to do so. The manager is implementing a separate social responsibility slightly than helping as a manager of the stockholders simply if he expends the investment in a different way than they would contain exhausted. The corporate Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits (Milton, 1970). CSR Can ONLY Increasing Shareholder capital Not direct Profit Maximization Separation Porter Kramer, 2002 Counterbalance Private Shareholder input or investment Warm Glow, Zivin Small, 2005 OR Represent an Agency Problem Manager discharge Own Social Responsibility Harmless to shareholder-Baron, 2007 Organization must Work for Society at safe and Large Survey Garriga Mele, 2004 Conclusion The purpose and the aim of that whole CSR study work give the over view of the topic and give some basic idea. This CSR study work present to help the reader to recognize and identify the basic information and background or history, few definitions of different writers, organization behaviour towards the workforce and the customers and importance and consequence of CSR study work. The importance of CSR gave us the overview of the industry and some stories of successful banks which show the sustainable bank in the year. Basically, CSR is the idea which helps the organization to put effort in the market place and provide the full customer satisfaction and get benefit on it. We understood the concept of the Corporate Social Responsibility and its consequences and then effectiveness of implementation in the organizations. The GRI and sustainability, integrated CSR, how CSR activities commenced in the organizations, workplace, environment, and marketplace are discuss in this study wo rk and allow us to understand the concept and implement some of the key factors in the organization. However, in which we study at this work we really discuss the actual issues and some of them is successful stories of the top of the businesses who actually work and really straggle on the CSR issues and should influence to put CSR in their business operations. But be common with CSR as a business structure which make possible the universal explanation of resources arrangement as persons and the environment mattered. And finally, we discussed the Alliance for Research in Corporate Sustainability by Harvard Business School; in this section we discussed that firms and organizations expend a Lot of Money on Corporate Social Responsibility, economics view of CSR The Friedman Doctrine. By these strategies and policies should understand by everyone and apply these strategies in any organizations.

Exposing the Ugliness of Tourism in Jamaica Kincaids...

Jamaica Kincaid addresses the reader as a tourist in her book A Small Place. Throughout the book her sarcasm and resentment towards the postcolonial state of the country cannot be missed. She exposes the â€Å"ugliness† of tourism, she writes, â€Å"The thing you have always suspected about yourself the minute you become a tourist is true: A tourist is an ugly human being† (14). Kincaid points to the fact that the tourists (European and American) and the tourism industry are morally ugly. The first section of her book displays how tourism uses the natives and the country as sources of pleasure for the tourists as they make their way to their hotel, they watch in awe at the condition of the country. Kincaid writes, â€Å"They [Antiguans] are too poor to escape the reality of their lives; and they are too poor to live properly in the place where they live, which is the very place you, the tourist, want to go—they envy your ability to turn their own banality a nd boredom into a source of pleasure for yourself† (19). The tourists do not see, and perhaps do not want to see the reality of this picturesque island they are vacationing on. Kincaid writes, â€Å"[Y]ou needn’t let that slightly funny feeling you have from time to time about exploitation, oppression, domination develop into full-fledged unease, discomfort; you could ruin your holiday† (10). This mirrors the mindset of not only tourists, but of the past and current exploiters who do not see the suffering and damage they cause, but

Air Force Training Program free essay sample

Air Force Training Program- Case 03 [Type the document subtitle] An Air Force introductory course currently uses a personalized system of instructions in the form of videotapes, from which students learn independently and then are required to pass a test. There is a proposed alternative training program which will involve use of computer-assisted instruction. The scope of the report is to compare the difference between course completion times for the Current Training method and the Proposed Training method and recommend the best training course. Although, the proposed training method’s mean value of completion time is slightly higher than that of the current training method, we see that the maximum time taken to complete the course using the proposed method is less by 2 hours. We also see that the sample standard deviation for the proposed method is much lower than that of the current method. The negative skewness of both the training method suggests that the median time taken to complete the course is higher than the mean time taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Force Training Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the table we can also see that range for 95% confidence interval for population mean for the proposed method is narrower. This suggests that we have greater confidence that the population mean for proposed method will be within the range specified. The 95% confidence intervals for the standard deviation of both methods do not overlap. Thus we can deduce with 95% confidence that the population standard deviation for the proposed method will be much lower than that of the current method. On conducting a two-tailed hypothesis test about the population means of the two training methods, it is seen that there is no statistically significant difference between the average times of course completion in the current method compared to that of the proposed method. (t (102) = -0. 6027, p = 0. 5481) From a two-tailed hypothesis test, conducted to check for difference in the population variance of the two training methods, it can be concluded that the variance of course completion time for the current method is significantly higher than that of the proposed method.(F (60, 60) = 2. 48, p-value = 0. 00058) After analyzing the data, it is recommended that the Air Force training program adopt the proposed training system. As seen in Table1, the maximum time required to complete the course is lower in the proposed method than the current method. It is also seen that there is no significant difference in the average time required to complete the training in either of the methods. But the variance in the time required for course completion is significantly lower in the proposed training method. Therefore, it can be said that the proposed training method a better system for reducing the difference in course completion time for the students. Data using matched samples would have helped make more conclusive recommendations regarding the two training methodologies. This would have eliminated the variation between the students, since each student would have used the same two training methods.