3 Songs and a Creed

Engineer Song Pin the castle on my collar, I’ve done my training for the team. You can call me an engineer soldier, The warrior spirit has been my dream. Essayons, whether in war or peace, We will bear our red and our white. Essayons, we serve America, And the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Essayons! Essayons! 1st Armored Division March Iron Soldiers, Old Ironsides 1st Armored Division, honor and pride Guarding Freedom, we are proud to be America’s Tank force, Steel Victory With that Iron Patch, worn on my sleeve I follow those who, fought for Liberty Always ready, for peace we strive Iron Soldiers, Old Ironsides The Army Song First to fight for the right, And to build the nation’s might And the Army goes rolling along. Proud of all we have done, Fighting ‘till the battle won, And the Army goes rolling along. Then it’s HI! HI! Hey! The Army’s on its way. Count off the cadence loud and strong! For where are we go, You will always know, That the Army Goes ROLLING ALONG. Soldiers Creed I am an American Soldier I am a warrior and a member of a team. I serve the people of the United States and the live the Army values. I will always place the mission first. I will never accept defeat. I will never quit. I will never leave a fallen comrade. I am disciplined, physically, and mentally tough, Trained and proficient in my warrior task and drills. I will always maintain my arms, my equipment and my Self. I am an expert and I am a professional. I stand ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the Enemies of the United States of America in close Combat. I am a guardian of freedom and the American way of Life. I AM AN AMERICAN SOLDIER.

European Settlement in Latin America Essay

Between 1450 and 1750 C. E. , Europeans entered Latin America and created new political structures, increased trade, and brought their religion. This happened because the Spanish conquered the Aztecs and Incas, while Portugal took over what is now Brazil. Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs while Francisco Pizzarro conquered the Incas. The Aztecs and Incas were two great Native American civilizations. In Latin America, slavery remained unchanged. These areas that the Spanish and Portuguese conquered later developed into their own self-governing states. In 1494, the Treaty of Todesillas split the New World in two when Pope Alexander VI drew the Line of Demarcation. Spain received the majority of the land while Portugal received modern day Brazil. While Spain constructed a massive military, Portugal established many settlements on the east coast. In 1519, Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs by killing Montezuma, the Aztec emperor. In 1532, Francisco Pizzaro conquered the Incas by killing Atahualpa, the Inca emperor. The Incas had such highly centralized government that they could not run without an empire. Because of guns, germs, and steel, Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca empires. The Spanish also had an advantage in military technology, having steel swords, iron mail, and horses. Without domesticated animals, such as pigs and cows, the Aztecs and Incas had now immunity to European diseases such as smallpox, typhus, and influenza, which killed almost 95% of the indigenous population of Latin America. In 1549, the first Jesuit missionaries arrived in Brazil to spread Catholicism. In the late 1500’s, there were no longer Native American slaves because of the large decrease in their population due to European diseases. Some Native American tribes forced there slaves to undergo human sacrifice, such as the Aztecs. There were now Black African slaves. While this was happening, the Portuguese switched from establishing trading posts to building an extensive colonization. 240,000 Europeans entered Latin America in the 16th century. They imported millions of slaves to run their plantations. The Portuguese and Spanish royal governments expected to rule these settlements; collect 20% of all the treasure found, and tax as much as they could get away with. Silver soon became 20% of Spain’s total budget. During the end of the colonial period, it was very common for the Native Americans to intermix with the Europeans. The offspring were called â€Å"Mestizos†, which are people of mixed ancestry. They formed majorities in many colonies. In the late 16th century, Peru participated in the Manila Galleon Trade. This was a trade where China gave Mexico porcelain, silk, ivory, spices and myriad other exotic goods in exchange for New World silver. Potosi, Peru became the fifth most populated city in the world by 1620 because of silver production. However, in the mid-17th century, silver production declined, but the decimated indigenous population in the central Andean region progressively begins to stabilize and free-wage labor replaces required labor in the mining regions. The most significant continuity for the European settlement in Latin America was slavery. Slavery did however change from Native American slaves to Black African slaves, but the concept of slavery remained the same. The key changes were new political structures, increased trade, and Europeans brought over their religion. The Spanish and Portuguese royal governments conquered Latin America.

Asp Organizations That Offer Emr Essay

ASP is becoming the mainstream technology for providing EMR services to private clinics and hospitals. As describe by bradley (2013) â€Å"An Application Service Provider (ASP) is a business that offers software services to customers, using computer networks and the Internet as the mechanism to deliver and manage the service. † he further explained that the goal of ASP technology is to reduce cost to the businesses in term of acquisition and maintenance. ASP organizations that offer EMR: Almost all the EMR vendors provide EMR as a product and as an ASP. Following are a short list of organizations which provide EMR via ASP 1. Organization: HealthFusion EMR System:ASP: MediTouch EHR ® WebSite: http://www. healthfusion. com/ehr-platform. asp 2. Organization:waiting room solutions EMR System: waiting room solutions WebSite: http://www. waitingroomsolutions. com/ 3. Organization: ios Health Systems EMR System:Medios EHR: Electronic Health Records WebSite: http://www. ioshealthsystems. com/electronic-health-records/ 4. Organization: VItera HealthCare solution EMR System:VItera Intergy WebSite: www. viterahealthcare. com/solutions/intergy 5. Organization:Benchmark Systems EMR System:Benchmark Systems EHR WebSite: http://www. benchmark-systems. com/ 6. Organization:eClinicalWorks EMR System:eClinicalWorks WebSite:http://www. eclinicalworks. com/ 7. Organization:Bizmatics EMR System:PrognoCIS WebSite: http://www. bizmaticsinc. com/ 8. Organization:Allscripts EMR System:Allscripts EHR WebSite: http://www. allscripts. com/en/solutions/ambulatory-solutions/ehr. html 9. Organization: WebPT EMR System:WebPT EMR WebSite: http://www. webpt. com/ 10. Organization:ReLiMed Solutions EMR System:ReLiMed EMR WebSite:http://relimedsolutions. om/ 11. Organization:Office Practicum EMR System:OP Cloud WebSite:http://www. officepracticum. com/cloud. php Three EMR 1: eClinicalWorks EClinical: eClinicalWorks Web-based technology promise to provide fast and secure access from anywhere. It is widely used throughout the world and US by more than 70,000 physicians. eClinical use secure XML and HTTPs-based communication. eClincal Provide EMR, Prac tice management, Patient Portal, Interoperability between systems in the community or across the country. EClincal provide pricing information on their web site ranging from 449 to 99 per month. eClincal is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. 2: Allscripts. Allscripts Provide Allscripts EHR. Allscripts EHR is hosted in the cloud as a web-based service. Allscripts provide services in Ambulatory Care, Acute Care, Post-Acute Care. Allscript is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. 3: HealthFusion Provide MediTouch EHR is a web-based EHR. Its offer a touchscreen user interface. The company claim that it is the first all-in-one, Web-based, touch screen Electronic Health Record, and their touch screen interface make it very easy-to-use. The EHR offers functionality for charting, problem lists, medication management, electronic prescribing, allergy checks, order management, lab tests and document management. Meditouch is CCHIT certified and qualify for meaningful use. Criteria to compare: Before to developed criteria to compare the EMRs, It is advisable to define the objectives and goals for the EMR. As detailed by wager (2010) the EMR systems should enable use evidence-based standards to provide care to patient, monitoring the quality and costs, enable to clinicians to access to patient information in a timely and efficient manner, and improve efficiency and effectiveness. Wager). Once the a specific EMR qualify for the above goals following criteria can used to decide about the acquisition of system. 1: Cost of acquisition: To implement the complete EMR system is an expensive proposition for any private clinic or hospitals. Besides the actual product, the EMR needs a multitude of hardware to properly use all the fu nctionality of EMR. Which include server, workstation and back up system. Generally the ASP models have low initial cost and the vendor take the responsibility for hosting the server and maintain a backup system. : Reviews from other users: The acquisition of EMR is a lengthy process. It is very critical to evaluate the candidate EMR extensively. Review from the actual user will provide more accurate informations about the usability of the product. 3: Functionalities. Vaccine Tracking, Tracking and managment of Chronic Disease, Scanning, Labs connection to LabCorp, QuestLab) 4: Technical support 5: Remote Access 6: HIPPA compliant 7: CCHIT Certified 8: E-prescribing Differ in terms of service, Support, Financing. Reference Mitchell, Bradley. â€Å"ASP – Application Service Provider. † Networking – Computer and Wireless Networking Basics – Home Networks Tutorials. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://compnetworking. about. com/od/internetaccessproviders/g/providers_asp. htm>. â€Å"Web-Based Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Software | Reviews of the Best Systems. † Software Advice: The Authority on Software Selection. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www. softwareadvice. com/medical/web-based-emr-software-comparison/>.

Total quality management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Total quality management - Term Paper Example An article in the New York Times that displays a graph will be critiqued. A top-down flow diagram, cause-and-effect and flowchart will be drawn to explain the processes and problems surrounding purchasing a vehicle. Finally, an example of a poka-yoke will be given. The first dimension of quality that Garvin proposes is performance. The advertisement gives the primary operating characteristics of the services provided. The second dimension is features. The advertisement gives the secondary aspects of performance that supplement the basic functions of the services offered. The third dimension is reliability. The services offered in the advertisement have measured to verify their reliability. This is especially important because the services offered are consumed over a specific duration of time. The fourth dimension is conformance. The testing services offered in the advertisement meet the standards that are set by Prometric. The fifth dimension is serviceability. This dimension does not have relevance to the services offered at Computech Computers Inc and as such, repair and restoring of services does not need to be considered. The seventh dimension of quality is aesthetics. The advertisement makes the services offered to look, feel and sound in teresting to the reader. However, it is not possible to please everybody and individual preference will dictate whether the advertisement had aesthetic value. The eighth and final dimension of quality is perceived quality. The advertisement infers the good quality of the services offered by use of images, assurance that the company is authorized by Prometric and the provision of full time qualified instructors (Garvin, 1988, pp. 113-174). External customers are people or businesses that purchase the services or products offered by a company. External customers are the ordinary customers who purchase the company’s products or services. Internal customers

Operational Decision Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operational Decision Making - Research Paper Example This is expected to be achieved through the company, mission, vision and values. The values at DP world involve its quest to create a sustainable value through global growth, excellence and service. It is accompanied by the company mission of a global approach towards the local business environment that is made up of excellence, profitability and innovation in the effort to drive their core industry philosophy of providing exceptional customer service. Description of Operations The operations at DP are influenced by the company’s vision and mission to develop a reputation of efficiency and expertise. As such, efficient service delivery and competency are the most significant input specifications of the company. Constantly, the company invests in terminal infrastructure, people and facilities to provide quality services in the present and future in order to meet the needs of their customers. Majorly, it deals in a wide range of cargo handling services with its main focus being on the container terminal operations. In addition to containers, most of the DP World terminals also handle general cargo, bulk cargo, passenger and Ro-Ro vessel terminals. Thus, the main operations of this company include imports and exports. The company additionally possesses a leadership in innovation and an unyielding commitment to all their customers across the world. It is because of this that DP world is currently considered a leader in the operations of marine terminals, as well as developments, logistics in addition to other related services. In this relation, t can be sad to be the force that is applied to make changes in the industry (DP World 1). Supply Chain Decisions DP World involves an integral responsibility to the supply chain of the customers. One of the key strategies towards achieving this is the development of solutions for both customers and partners. It involves the integration of responsible business activities within their daily strategies and activities. I t is in the effort to secure a sustainable future. Because of this, the DP World has secured a partnership with the London Gateway team. With the guidance from their corporate values, DP world works with the customers, suppliers and the entire community to recognize sustainable risks and challenges as well as develop a high number of partnership opportunities so as to bring about a sustainable future. As a partner, it has also been certified at the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C?TPAT) and is the only port operator with this recognition. In addition, the company is involved in a number of supply chain securities with most of its terminals being involved in anti terrorism Container Security initiatives. These decisions affect the strategic operations of the company in the sense that they enable the company to roll out its standards across all its terminals. The company is also focused n the provision of responsible business services. It is associated with the provision and availability of efficient infrastructure as well as the sharing of best practice and innovation. They also include full container Load through Dubai that involves a number of fully completed input processes that are shown in the figure below. Operational Decisions At DP World, the operations team focuses on how cargo can be moved into the international logistic way in an efficient and safe way. Decisions are made

Reaction paper on the article by droogsma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper on the article by droogsma - Essay Example Their response contradicted with the unfounded perception of the Non-Muslim members. The women highlighted various significant aspects of the veil. Droogsma explains the veil to be critical in displaying one’s identity while highlighting their affiliation to the Muslim religion. However, one’s clothing may be a source of discrimination (Droogsma, 2007). The Muslim veil also served as a behavior control to Muslim women. Veiled Muslim women were less likely to behave inappropriately as opposed to their unveiled counterparts. Interviewed women admitted that the veil aided in upholding the Muslim values, such as behaving decently in the presence of members of the opposite gender (Droogsma, 2007). This aided them in earning respect from both Muslim and Non-Muslim members of the society. In my view, it is critical for the societal members to respect the Veiled Muslim members, and look into their rationale for wearing the veil. Some researchers also script biased document that tend to criminalize the veil while ignoring the opinion of the concerned Muslim women (Droogsma, 2007). Mitigation measures ought to be in place, to eliminate the discrimination of the Muslim women within the American society. However, the decision to put on the veil should be personal, and religion should compel women into putting on the

International Analysis of Organization Design Essay

International Analysis of Organization Design - Essay Example Despite the fact that the advances in technology has allowed for faster and easier communication among various countries, it is quite evident that the culture of each country or society continues to influence the organizational design of various entities. This in turn affects how a business or an organization performs in that particular market or country. China is one of the countries whose national culture has continued to influence organizational design. Despite the impact and influence of western cultures on the nation, various organizations are still designed in line with the Chinese culture. This is in terms of the structure of these entities, the corporate culture, the scanning practices and the human resource systems and structures within these firms (Baird 390). Various companies, both small and large have strived to come up with organizational structures to be in line with the existing Chinese culture. This has enabled them to operate effectively and achieve their goals and objectives in the wider China market. China has grown over the years to become one of the major powerhouses in the world in terms of manufacturing and commerce. This has somehow been attributed to the prevailing culture. One of the aspects that help in understanding the national culture of a country is the way that particular culture balances the esteem of the individual members of the society and the needs and the requirements of a group. Some societies promote individualism while others encourage collectivisms. According to Baird, China is a county that tends to encourage collectivism (384). Unlike western cultures where individualism and individual achievement is promoted, the Chinese culture values collective responsibility and group achievements. According to the Chinese culture, the members of the society or employees are normally required to subsume their individual or personal desires in preferences to the efforts of the group. This, therefore,

Business psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business psychology - Essay Example e case at hand involves a large company engaged in the sales business which is offering research opportunities that allow their sales staff to be more productive. One of the better ways to take this opportunity is to use an experimental approach which will allow the company to analyse the effects of performance reviews exactly as they are conducted within their setup. While the company could use research done on companies like GE or any other large organisation, it would not be exactly suitable for them and would offer little more than general guidelines. The actual conduct of the experiment is explained further onwards in the paper but the overview can be given as a set of surveys. The first survey which obtains the opinions and feelings of the employees would be conducted one week before the performance reviews and the second survey would be conducted one week after the employees have had their performance reviews. At the same time, continual monitoring of employee performance levels would let us understand how performance reviews in the company affect anxiety levels, stress levels and employee performance. There are two significant benefits to the company which are expected from this experiment. The first and primary benefit is expert support and knowledgeable consultancy regarding their performance evaluations and the secondary benefit is the accurate analysis concerning the negative or positive effects of performance reviews on salespersons. The time spent on performance reviews is a major investment which must be undertaken quite frequently as many companies have performance reviews every six months if not every quarter. Therefore, it would be wasteful to invest in the process time and again without understanding the effects of the process on the employees. Writing in the American Business Association Journal, Neil (2004) reports that the primary purpose of performance appraisals is not to seek out the people who are underperforming in the company, rather,

Business Stategy - Transforming Sanofi-Aventis Essay

Business Stategy - Transforming Sanofi-Aventis - Essay Example (Fred Pringle, Brian H. Kleiner. 1997) Sanofi-Aventis’s product portfolio includes in it leading medicines for cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, sleep disorders and other healthcare problems. The main objective of Sanofi-Aventis’s research and development is to provide the patients with efficient medicines at the right time. And for diseases that are difficult to treat, they try to provide real patient benefit by multiplying their scientific approaches. This is also the reason why clinical trials are carried out to treat diseases. (Philippe Hermel, Annie Bartoli. 2001) Sanofi-Aventis makes sure that research doesn’t fail to take into account the complexities of human body. TRENDS OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY First of all we need to examine the trends of pharmaceutical industry which include structural changes that have led to important transformations, industry’s very strong dependence on research and development and some significant factors leading a future sales growth. (Fred Pringle, Brian H. Kleiner. 1997) Environmental analysis (PEST) Increasing political attention In the recent years, importance of healthcare as a component of social welfare has increased as a result of which the industry has been receiving increased political attention. ... So, Sanofi-Aventis is playing a very unique role as good health is an essential social and personal requirement. The pharmaceutical companies nowadays are trying hard to maintain good communications with the society because of the increasing media attention. Technological advances The industry players are adapting to the new environments faster than ever. All this is being forced by modern technological and scientific advances in science. These advances have also led to an increased expenditure on R&D by companies to promote further innovation. Legal environment Pharmaceutical industry is a very highly regulated industry. There are a lot of legal and compliance overheads that the company has to bear as a result. Porter’s five forces: Barrier to entry: patent restrictions and really high research and development costs are the major barriers to entry for new entrants. Industry competition: competition in the industry is very high. The advantage is for innovators. Suppliers: the power of suppliers is very low. Buyer: buyer power is also low in the industry. Substitutes: because of patents there are less substitutes but there are more substitutes after patents expire. Increased competition in the industry The competition in this industry is intense. There have been a lot of new entrants in the industry lately also a number of mergers and acquisitions have taken place. Therefore, the changing face of pharmaceutical industry suggests that competitive advantage is being redefined all the time. In order to achieve sustainable growth and maintain presence the key industry players are changing their organizational structures. Structural changes There is a

The seven Gorge site has been designated a world heritage site Essay Example for Free

The seven Gorge site has been designated a world heritage site Essay The seven George site has been designated a world heritage site. Use the sources, and your own knowledge, to explain why this site is Considered to be so important The seven George has been designated a world heritage site for the simple reason that it Is seen to be such an important site. It is where the iron revolution began. In this piece of coursework I am going to study all of the sources and my own knowledge to explain why the seven George is seen to be so important. Source A shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows that Darby moved to the Coalbrookdale area and took out a lease on works which were made up of an old blast furnace and some forges. From what started as a small sustainable business he then built up a large profitable one. He cast iron goods in sand out of the blast furnace, which was fuelled by using wood charcoal. Later on he went onto using pit coal to power the furnace this was a technological advance to the iron industry. Source B shows the importance of the seven George site because it states that the woods provided abundant fuel for the furnaces. As trade grew in Coalbrookdale the supply of wood decreased so it became very expensive and scarce. Business must have been successful because they had used a large amount of wood for fuel. The Coalbrookdale foundry produced between 5 and 10 tons of iron in a week (they must have been successful to produce such large amounts of iron). Business must have been successful because they produced a range of items e.g. smoothing irons, doorframes, weights etc. Source C shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows the transportation links and what methods of transport which were available e.g. wagons, barge these were all good means of transport. Transport was needed to transport iron items. Turnpike trusts were used as better and smoother transportation links. Source C shows us a number of blast furnaces that leads us to think that there was a lot of iron produced at the site. Lots of wood have been cut-down this could be because the wood was needed in the early days of the iron industry. Source D shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows a number of furnaces in use, also shows that a lot of woods have been cut down. Source E shows the importance of the seven George site because its a map showing a number of ironworks, raw materials, transportation it gives us a full under standing about how things were run. It shows the raw materials were made into the finished goods in the area. It shows good transportation links (turnpike trusts) roads rivers etc. so they could move their products from one place to another more easily. Source F shows the importance of the seven George site because the first ever iron bridge was built there. It had one big arch and was made from cast iron (nothing had ever been made before). It shows the skill of the people who built the bridge. They had built something no one had ever built before. The source shows that the family was thinking about efficiency (wagon ways made of iron rather than wood). All materials were found on or near by. (this made it an excellent site to produce iron) everything from digging up the raw materials to the finished product was all done in Coalbrookdale. Source G shows importance of the seven George site because it shows Darby had thought of many improvements. He had lots innovations that made his business stand out from the others. Darby had roads laid (turnpike trusts) and had them also laid with sleepers and rails. It shows the importance of transportation to the business to move raw materials. Discovered coke for smelting iron from its ore, efficient and profitable method. Source H shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows there were blast furnaces at Coalbrookdale and states the size and different types. Source I shows the importance of the seven George site because its a modern diagram showing how the old furnace worked. The technology that was being used at the time. Source K shows the importance of the seven George site because it states that Coalbrookdale was one mile long and states that the site was quite large. The source tells us about the Iron Bridge being constructed, it says what a huge job it was to build. The bridge was a great advertisement for the company and made the company very famous. It shows another use of iron. Source L shows the importance of the seven George site because its a reconstruction of a toll house, it shows good transport (roads) these roads are known as turnpike roads. Maybe they used roads to transport iron goods. Source M shows the importance of the seven George site because its a reconstruction of a candle makers workshop. It shows a growing business in the Coalbrookdale area (people used candles for lighting their homes) shown a growing population around Coalbrookdale. the site was important because of other industries as well as iron. There are lots of reasons for why the seven George site is seen to be so important. The site is seen to be very important. The site is seen to be where the industrial revolution began. (Very important). The site is not just important in Britain! but also throughout the entire world! The industrial revolution began in Britain and other countries followed. The site is very important because it is one of only a few world heritage sites. The site has been preserved as much as possible and there are a number of museum sites so that the importance of the site and so it can be remembered. Thousands visit the site each year.

Barriers to the HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening for BAME Women

Barriers to the HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening for BAME Women What are the Barriers of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening amongst Minority Women age 12-26? Abstract Background: Minority women systematically experience socio-economic disadvantages, which put them in the face of greater obstacles in attaining optimal health. Approximately 44 million women in the United States, nearly one third of all women in America, self-identify as women of a minority racial or ethnic group. Yet, minority women fare worse than non-Hispanic white women across a broad range of measures, with some of the largest disparities being that of HPV-related cervical cancer mortality. Objective: The objective is to emphasize the barriers of care in relation to cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, as well as examine patterns in barriers like demographic, cultural, and health belief factors amongst minority women.Methods: The data collection review and process was based on article review factors that were associated with HPV vaccine acceptability, initiation, and series completion among adolescent and young adult women of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in the United States. Results: Selected characteristics of the included studies contended that an estimated 12,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually in the United States, and 4500,000 women worldwide develop cervical cancer each year. Higher rates of cervical cancer are found in US regions with large minority and impoverished populations. Conclusion: It is imperative for clinicians to progress minority women screening and early detection. Further intervention models need to reflect multifactorial determinants of screening utilization. Introduction Background While there have been strides in HPV and cervical cancer prevention efforts, many minority women across the board still experience significant barriers to care. For example, women from rural and poor communities tend to have health illiteracy in regard to their own self-care, which also includes their mistrust for the healthcare system. Additionally, many minority women simply lack financial access to care. Socio-economic disadvantages (i.e. race, class, gender, education, occupation, etc.) are the underlying issues. Though many health efforts are made by health professionals, and health ramifications like informative technologies and preventative care strategies have been achieved, there is a continual socio-economic and racial imbalance with both the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, especially the strains directly influenced by HPV. Specific Aims Our specific aims are to first identify Health care barriers and challenges to cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination within the population of minority women. We also want to uncover minority women, health care provider & health care system risk factors for cervical cancer screening & HPV vaccination, as well as, health care challenges and opportunities in improving cervical cancer screening rates amongst minority women. Lastly, we want to pinpoint the nurses’ roles in preventing cervical cancer in underserved racial and or ethnic populations. Methods Search Strategy In June 2017,we searched four electronic bibliographic databases (Google scholar, Medline, Pubmed and Cinahl) using the search terms ‘HPV’ ‘cervical cancer’ ‘pap smear’ ‘minority women’ ‘ethnic women’ and ‘health disparities’. All of the studies identified during the database search were assessed for relevance to the review based on the information provided in the title, abstract, and description of key words and terms. A full report was retrieved for all studies that met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion Criteria The data collection review and process was based on article review factors that were associated with HPV vaccine acceptability, initiation, and series completion among adolescent and young adult women of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in the United States. We reviewed relevant peer-reviewed and evidence-based qualitative literature in order to identify current vaccination trends, rates and factors associated with HPV and cervical cancer. Study findings a related to race (black, Latina, Asian), and socio-economic disadvantages were summarized. Eligibility Criteria Understanding current vaccination trends and the barriers to series initiation and completion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that 11 to 12 year old adolescents receive two doses of the HPV vaccine in order to protect against themselves against cancers that are caused by HPV. The HPV vaccine series can be given to girls beginning at age 9 years old, but many parents believe this age is too immature for a sexually transmitted disease vaccination. Additionally, it is recommended by the CDC that girls and women age 13 through 26 years of age who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series to be given the HPV vaccination immediately to provide HPV-cancer related protection. In understanding HPV vaccination parameters, it is essential that we too recognize gaps in knowledge and all the misconceptions surrounding HPV vaccination and cervical cancer. When the vaccine is given prior to HPV exposure, it is highly effective in preventing infection from two high-risk genotypes (HPV-16/HPV-18) of HPV, which causes approximately 70 percent of cervical cancers, and two low-risk (HPV-6/HPV-11) genotypes that are responsible for over 90 percent of all genital warts. As we assessed the appropriateness of our criteria interests, we focused on Black/African-American, Latina and non-white adolescent women age 12-26, minority teen women reported having sexual intercourse, adolescent women who have completed puberty, and low income and health care illiterate young women, who are too uninsured or have limited access. Quality Assessment The methodological quality is significant to our study. It was organized and detailed oriented. It presented evidence that there is a need for increasing HPV vaccination among young minority women. The failure to achieve equitable vaccination has exacerbated health disparities in HPV and cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Research suggests that low- income and minority women are disadvantaged due to the difference in cervical cancer screening, practices and beliefs, as well as healthcare access barriers and systemic risk factors. We used the ‘Research and Quality Scoring Method’ by Sackett and Haynes, the Jadad scale, and the items published by Cho and Bero to rate the quality of each study (Table 1). The range of total quality scores was from 0 to 9. Studies that ranged from 0 to 5 were considered low quality, whereas studies that ranged from 6-9 were considered high quality. Two raters independently coded variables using Microsoft Excel. Discrepancies were identified and resolved amongst our team members. Table 1. Study quality ratings Statistical Analysis Race/ethnicity and low socio-economic status are known predictors of late-stage diagnosis of cervical cancer and are important predictors of cancer mortality. In the United States, approximately 12,000 women develop cervical cancer and 44000 die of the disease each year, with higher incidence and mortality rates reported in low-income minority populations. HPV vaccination has been shown to reduce the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among teen women and thus, has the potential to decrease the risks of cervical cancer among vaccinated young women. According to preceding surveillance and qualitative studies, it is indicated that a decline in the annual rate of high-grade cervical cancer, from 834 per 100,000 in 2008 to 688 per 100,000 in 2014, among women aged 21 to 24 years, which reflects the impact of HPV vaccination. However, declines were not significant in areas with high proportions of minority women (i.e blacks, Latinas) and/or people living in low-income areas. Results Included Studies The search yielded nearly 500 potential article titles for review, yet less than 70 were relevant to our interests. And of that 70, about 20 were dated within the last 10 years. Accordingly, less than 20 seemed more characteristic of our research interests and provided adequate information to our research question. Description of Studies Selected characteristics of the included studies contended that an estimated 12,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually in the United States, and 4500,000 women worldwide develop cervical cancer each year. In the United States, cervical cancer incidence is nearly twice as high in counties with poverty levels > 20% compared with those with poverty levels

Hamlet: Branaghs Ophelia and Showalters Representing Ophelia Essay

Hamlet: Branagh's Ophelia and Showalter's Representing Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ophelia falls to the floor, her screams contrasting eerily with the song pieces she uses as her speech.   In an instant she is writhing and thrusting her pelvis in such a gross sexual manner that it becomes clear that, in his film interpretation of William Shakespeare's Hamlet, Kenneth Branagh wants to imply a strong relationship between female insanity and female sexuality.   Such a relationship is exactly what Elaine Showalter discusses in her essay -- "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism" -- "I will be showing first of all the representational bonds between female insanity and female sexuality" (Showalter 223).   "Tracing" various representations of Ophelia throughout history, Showalter attempts to tell Ophelia's story by examining the way in which the culture of a society, their views of women, and psychiatric theory relates to the representation of Ophelia at that time.   With the amount of attention Branagh a ffords the role of Ophelia in his film, and because Branagh's Ophelia represents many of Showalter's ideas about Ophelia's drowning death, the bond between sexuality and insanity, and the conventions of femininity, Branagh's Ophelia can supplement Showalter's essay -- her "trace" of the history of representation of Ophelia -- serving as a Post-modern example of the representation of Ophelia.       In his representation of Ophelia, the relationship that Branagh attempts to establish between female insanity and female sexuality is a strong and obvious one.   Through costume, cinematography, blocking, and various other aspects, Branagh makes clear his interpretation that Ophelia's insanity is t... ...helia.   Not only does Branagh use the conventions of femininity that Showalter describes but he also relies heavily upon ideas similar to Showalter's, that everything about Ophelia is symbolic, to convey his Ophelia as representative of femininity and to express the inverse correlation that such femininity has with Ophelia's sexuality and her insanity.    Works Cited Hamlet.   Dir. Kenneth Branagh.   Perf. Julie Christie, Billy Crystal, Kate Winslett.   Castle   Rock Entertainment, 1996. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994. Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of   Feminist Criticism." William  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare: Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case   Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994. 220-238.

Psychic ability :: essays papers

Psychic ability Abstract The purpose of this study was to prove that the human mind has telepathic ability. To prove this, the subjects were asked to guess the suit of each card from a standard playing deck. The subjects were tested in a cozy, quiet environment inside their house. The first data recorded were the percentage of cards the subjects would randomly guess right. There are 52 cards in a deck and thirteen of each suit, so that would give someone a 13 out of 52 chance of merely guessing right or one-fourth. During the test, the subjects were instructed to take time and concentrate before giving an answer. The idea was that if the subject concentrated hard enough, the suit of the card would be revealed by the psychic ability of the mind. The results of the study showed that telepathic ability just might be a reality Psychic ability has been a subject that has interested me every since I saw the movie Maverick. In the movie, the main character, played by Mel Gibson, believes that if he thinks of a card and concentrates hard enough then he will draw that card. He starts out thinking of the card he needs. The character played by Gibson thinks long and hard to the point of almost exhaustion. He then draws the card, hoping that the card he is thinkin g of will be the card he draws. It never quite works out for him because I believe that he is not concentrating hard enough. At the end of the movie, however, when he is in the finals of a poker tournament, he tries it again. This time, his mind is in the zone, and it works. I have never been one to believe in telepathy, but one time I tried to give it a chance. One time, I was home alone and extremely bored, so I decided to try out what I had learned from Maverick. I was alone in my room, and I sat and thought about the ace of spades for what seemed like fifteen minutes. Concentrating and thinking only of the ace of spades, I drew a card and held it so I couldn’t see it. I said to myself, over and over again, this is the ace of spades.

Memoirs are Not Completely True Essay -- Memoir Literature

Memoirs are a Challenging Sources for Attaining the Truth Memoirs have become an increasingly popular genre of literature. In light of not only their popularity but their influence on the audiences who read them, it is important for readers to consider the various motivations and influences that shape the narrative and the details of these stories. This is especially true of memoirs that are intended to educate the public on the instances of human rights abuse, in situations when the general public may know little else about the subject. When such a book is published with the intention of informing the public and galvanizing support for human rights, the author may have even more of an obligation to stick to the facts than he or she would if the purpose of the book were solely entertainment. This concern will be of particular interest to the readers of the Dean’s Book selection for fall 2006, The Aquariums of Pyongyang, a memoir written by a North Korean defector with the intention of exposing the human rights abuse in the North Korean government’s systematic use of enforced hard labor camps on its people. This memoir and others like it are extremely effective in spreading awareness of human rights violations. At the same time, however, the reader must be aware of numerous factors that shape and complicate the story that is told. According to Kay Schaffer, author of â€Å"Conjunctions: Life Narratives in the Field of Human Rights,† there is a growing market in America for books marketed as memoirs. Writers such as Dave Eggers, author of A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, and David Sedaris, author of numerous short story collections that are based on his life experiences, have helped propel the memoir genr... ...(Fall 2000): 543-559. 05 March U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. â€Å"Hidden Gulag, The: Exposing North Korea’s Prison Camps.† Ed. Richard Hawk. 2003. 16 Feb Walker, Barbara. â€Å"On Reading Soviet Memoirs: A History of the ‘Contemporaries’ Genre as an Institution of Russian Intelligentsia Culture from the 1790’s to the 1970’s.† Russian Review. 59.3 (July 2000): 327-352. 05 March Watson, Jinx Stapleton. â€Å"Reading Memoir to Make Sense of Sensitive Histories: Civil Rights Movement (USA), Apartheid South Africa & Cultural Revolution (China).† 22 Feb Wyatt, Edward. â€Å"Live on 'Oprah,' a Memoirist Is Kicked Out of the Book Club.† The New York Times. 27 January 2006: A1. 05 March com>

What Has to Kill a Mockingbird Taught You About Prejudice and Justice?

What Has To Kill a Mockingbird Taught You about Prejudice and Justice? After reading this book I had a great knowledge of prejudice and justice in the Deep South in the 1930s. In 1861 – 1865 war was on. Parliament abolished slavery in America in 1865 but the south needed slaves for their trade. So they carried on mistreating blacks, disobeying the law. After the war (with the North winning) blacks were still treated with injustice and inequality. The blacks still had bad jobs and most of them worked for the whites for instance a cleaner or maid. When Tom Robinson was on trial in the court there were no black people in the jury.The black people who wanted to watch the trial had to sit on the upper tier where there were limited seats so most of them stood. †Your fathers no better than the niggers and trash he works for† Miss Dubose told Jem. This is an extremely racist and somewhat unnecessary comment for Miss Dubose to make. This implies that Atticus is worse than, in her opinion, the blacks and other lower class of the town. Whites treated blacks like dirt and looked down on them whenever they would pass them in the street. There was a clear social hierarchy in Maycomb; the whites viewed themselves significantly higher than the blacks.All of Tom Robinson’s evidence in the court case showed that he was not guilty but because he was black the jury sentenced him to prison. Judge Taylor did not want to sentence Tom Robinson but the majority of the jury agreed on him being guilty. They all thought that just because he was black he lied and was cruel to people. Aunt Alexandra had a somewhat haughty attitude towards things like this. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra had very different views on the way of life and the way people should live. For instance they both had very different perceptions on the word trashy.Atticus uses the word trashy to describe a stuck-up white man being racist towards a black man but Aunt Alexandra uses it to describe Walt er Cunningham and his family. The clear distinction between these two very different uses of the word is that Atticus uses it to describe people who are generally ignorant but Alexandra uses it to describe people of the lower class who are dirty. This reveals that the whole way through the story Alexandra sticks to her views and not even after Tom Robinson’s court case does she change her mind. In a way Atticus does the same thing and throughout the novel fights to uphold justice.Atticus is the only white man apart from Judge Taylor who is not racist or prejudice towards the blacks. In the middle of the novel when Tom Robinson is in jail, Atticus guards him himself all night and when Mr Cunningham and a group of other men ambush him all Atticus does is try to keep the peace. Miss Dubose constantly has a moan about Atticus and what he stands for and Atticus completely ignores it and is extremely polite to her. He is an extremely kind and gentle man who is loyal to Tom Robinson . At the start of the novel Scout is incredibly naive, angry and violent.She also has no respect for other people like Walter Cunnigham. Scout finds it odd and strange that Walter Cunningham pours syrup all over his meal and she isn’t afraid to express her opinion vocally. This upsets not only Walter but Calpurnia as well and Scout gets a good telling off from her. This shows that Scout is not only disrespectful and rude but can also be slightly snobby. When she first heard of Boo Radley she pictured him peculiar looking and was awfully scared of him. Then when Boo started leaving gifts in a tree for Jem and Scout she thought that he could maybe be alright and not creepy like she thought.Then towards the end when Boo kills Bob Ewell to defend the children, Scout realises that he is a kind and not at all freaky. In fact she takes him by the hand and talks to him with high regard. These series of extremely shocking events changes Scouts character throughout the story. To Kill a Mockingbird has taught me a great deal about Prejudice and Justice. I have especially learned about Justice from the way that Atticus acted ,the way that Scout changed but most of all Tom Robinson and the people involved in the court case.

Performance Pay at Safelite Essay

Safelite was the largest nation-wide auto glass company in the United States with about 500 stores, more than 3000 employees and 3000 trucks. The company has started mobile services and gained 12% of market share. Although Safelite offered mobile service from virtually all of its stores by the early 1990s, the main focus of the company was to serve the customers at their place and the trend of the stores was decreasing so forth. The incentive was $1000 to open a new store as bonus. So every employee tried to open a new store rather working hard and improving the production. The employees of the Safelite were required to work for eight hours and according to the CEO John Barlow, they were only putting in windshields for two and a half hours. They were not putting their complete efforts and loyalty to the company. Wasting their times and not working for what they were paid. The other reason of the low productivity was the popularity of mobile service, which decreased the demand of the store-based services, and the customer’s trend was changing to mobile service rather than store services. The other reasons includes the customer was not at the location where the mobile truck was called when the technician arrived or the technician was given the bad directions of the technician failed to understand the direction given by the customers. The employees didn’t put their complete efforts to the work and they were not working hard. Another reason was the problem understanding of the customers. Many of the technicians were not able to understand the complete problem of the customers. They came to know the problem when they reached the customers place. Sometimes the technicians were not carrying their appropriate tools, which were needed in the repairing for the customers. The mobile truck was liable to travel to the location where customer calls them. The reason of that was stores were not easy to find. It was because the stores were not well located; they were simply opened for the sake of adding more locations and were not always located in the prime service areas. John Barlow also added that if the location is not well located so why a customer bothers to find and go to the store. The fleet of the trucks became unable to justify its own cost. The company was seeing one repair job per truck per day to be maintained but they thought that this is a little expense. Individual technicians were installing an averag e of only 2.5 glass unit a day. It was the very bad performance than that of they had expected. Since the installation of a single windshield generally took less than an hour to complete. And lastly, some DCC managers didn’t cared to hustle and assigned jobs equitable rather than funneling more jobs to those technicians who worked the fastest.

Decade of Corporate Greed Essay

Ascended in the 1980’s he reinvented Republican policies that favored deregulation and the growth of business in America. These Ideas markedly opposed the views of the governmental interventionist policies of the 1960’s and 70’s with these ideas Reagan hoped to decrease government Involvement and heavy taxes. With these tax cuts Reagan’s thinking was that many new businesses would spawn and that it would have a trickledown effect by not only empowering businesses to grow and hire more people which in the end would benefit all from those on top in the corporate world all the way down to the lowest person in the company in which everyone benefits. This was welcome news not only to the Republicans but also the â€Å"lunch bucket democrats† who were working class democrats who predecessor Jimmy Carter of whom they thought they were ignored by. As a result of this many government services were slashed and created ideas of the government being the problem. With this many republicans encouraged individuals to do good for themselves for the government would not do this for them. With this encouragement of business growth and economic prosperity for as many people as possible individualism became a way of life in the 1980’s. The acquisition of wealth and indicators of it really helped to drive this decade in the 1980’s where it seemed most important to acquire as much â€Å"material† goods as possible. These ideas were also shown in the pop culture world as the artist Madonna made a hit song in the 80’s called â€Å"material girl† a song of the times basically about greed and gaining as material things as you possibly could with no shame of this greed. Also Gordon Gekko the fictional business tycoon in the film â€Å"Wall Street† stands up at board meeting to stress and states â€Å"Greed is good†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Greed will not only fix this malfunctioning corporation called Teldar paper, but also the other malfunctioning corporation called the U. S. of A. † There were even excesses being taken in sports, as Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds had greed of singles, doubles and stolen bases, also greed in gambling cost him his spot in Major League Baseball. It was also in this decade baseball experienced â€Å"free agency† destroying loyalties and players selling themselves to the highest bidder as player contracts doubled from just the decade before. Once these Republican policies had trickled down to popular culture it almost seemed to validate this style of politics, it seemed as if the Republicans ascendance to power had spawned this culture and decade of greed that was so actively embraced by the American public. With this these politicians simply stated that they were just acting in accordance to what the public’s wishes were. With this success that Reagan had in the 80’s America had once again began to reassert itself on the world stage after a challenging decade of struggling in the 1970’s. Reagan is thought to be responsible also for the victory in the cold war that had lasted for decades before his term. The new thinking in the 80’s was not that this was greed but more of what the Republicans called prosperity and success. Some of the negatives of these changes were Reagan deregulated everything which in effect destroyed competition and this created oligopolies. Some examples of these are in the airline industry he deregulated the industry causing every airline in the country, except 2 to become bankrupt, as the deregulation in the broadcast industry resulted in just a few major players like Disney and Clear Channel dominating the playing field. As for under the Reagan administration money in politics became more strong then ever and that still holds true today in the world of politics for it seems like we no longer have elections, we more like have auctions for where it seems the candidate who has the most money to spend on getting their name out is usually the one who wins in these political battles, especially for the Presidency. What this does now and back then in the 80’s where it started is a corporation who might want certain laws or tax breaks passed to better help their needs funds that candidate to get elected and then in turn expects them favors to be returned when that candidate is elected. This new concentration of wealth created a whole new class of millionaires, however on the downside for every millionaire there were several hundred homeless people. With this came more negativity that came with the corporate greed of the 80’s. For these people who became homeless and poor due to these millionaires greed were blamed for dragging down the economy by Republican politicians and their mouthpieces in the media, while the truth we found out later is that indeed it was these rich people who were ripping us off and actually were responsible for dragging down the economy. Going as far to blaming the poor the city of Los Angeles installed a fingerprint system to guard against welfare fraud that cost the city and hardworking tax payers 30 million dollars, and for all of this it caught one cheater. While at the same time â€Å"White collar† crime was rising and costing us more than street crime cost, also doing more damage and arguably causing more deaths. Reagan also had a deregulation of the savings and loans industry which was a total debacle and ended up costing Americans 500 billion dollars which is part of the still current banking problem that is going on today. Unfortunately Reagan also began the practice of sending American manufacturing jobs overseas, another move that made the rich even more rich and greedy and made the poor have even less than they did before. Despite all these negatives it can be argued that Ronald Reagan was the most important and influential President of the last 60 years, loved by the Republicans and loathed by the liberals. Reagan turned half a century of political and economic orthodoxy and turned it on its head. It can be argued that he turned those who were Roosevelt democrats. So whether you loved or hated Reagan there is no doubt that administration and the greed of 80’s is still alive today. My though would be if your rich, you like the corporate greed and excessiveness that took place in the 80’s, however if you are poor you are wondering why this turned out like it did.

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay

â€Å"It is invariably saddening to look through new eyes at things upon which you have expended your own powers of adjustment.†( F.Scott Fitzgerald 104) – Nick talks about how he looks at life with a new perspective and tries to abandoned â€Å"the West Egg† concept of â€Å"a world complete in itself, with its own standards its own great figures†. When he look at daisy, he explains that he could feel daisy’s pain and suffering by just looking into her eyes. So the significance of this quote is that nick is looking beyond the gilts and glamour of society so that he may see the true identity of people- as with Daisy. Later on, Nick will use this skill to find the true answer of whom Gatsby is . â€Å"The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God—a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that—and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.†(F.Scott Fitzgerald 98) -Nick describes Gatsby’s early life using a comparison between Gatsby and Jesus to reveal Gatsby’s identity. In the Great Gatsby, Gatsby transforms himself into the ideal that he envisioned for himself a Platonic conception of himself as a youngster and remains committed to that ideal, despite the obstacles that society presents to the fulfillment of his dream. He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: â€Å"I never loved you.† After she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. (F.Scott Fitzgerald 109) -Gatsby is frustrated at daisy for being a cowardly woman who doesn’t stand up for her. He believes its time for her to take action but Gatsby also realizes that it’s impractical. Gatsby would like to put everything back how it was in the past, but Daisy has moved on from the past into the present. â€Å"His heart beat faster and faster as Daisy’s white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God. So he waited, listening for a moment longer to the tuning-fork that had been struck upon a star. Then he kissed her. At his lips’ touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete.†(F.Scott Fitzgerald111) -Gatsby opens up to Nick and tell a memorable event between Gatsby and Daisy. This is one of the times were he actually gives information about his past that is true and Nick is surprised and hears Gatsby through. Gatsby longs for the past and revisions the event where he and daisy first kissed. Gatsby fantasies about the past, believing that Daisy is the same girl he kissed many years ago. â€Å"But his heart was in a constant, turbulent riot. The most grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ineffable gaudiness spun itself out in his brain while the clock ticked on the wash-stand and the moon soaked with wet light his tangled clothes upon the floor. Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until drowsiness closed down upon some vivid scene with an oblivious embrace. For a while these reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy’s wing.†(Scott Fitzgerald 99) – Gatsby is a man who seems to â€Å"have it all† but in reality is troubled by one-sided love. The one thing he doesn’t have is what he needs most to fulfill him is Daisy. At night, these thoughts both torment and comfort him. The beauty of this passage is Fitzgerald’s use of both negative and positive imagery to illustrate the conflict in Gatsby’s thoughts. The imagery of the rock and fairy’s wing just elaborates Gatsby’s view of his world is crumbling apart; something like a rock is a strong foundation has flew away so easily like a fairy. Very much like the difference between Gatsby’s real world and what he wishes for himself. Chapter 7 â€Å"Her voice is full of money,† he said suddenly.†¨That was it. I’d never understood before. It was full of money — that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song of it †¦ high in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden girl. (Scott Fitzgerald 120) – Gatsby is shocked and confused why Daisy is all about money. He doesn’t even wonder why she married Tom. So Fitzgerald adds in dialogues as a hint to fill in the missing gaps and to show Gatsby who Daisy was and is. Tom allows Daisy to ride with Gatsby because he knows she wont choose Gatsby over him. Gatsby can’t let go of the Daisy, not because of the relationship now but what they had; back in the past were he was a poor kid in the army who got this beautiful rich girl to fall in love with him. â€Å"There is no confusion like the confusion of a simple mind, and as we drove away Tom was feeling the hot whips of panic. His wife and his mistress, until an hour ago secure and inviolate, were slipping precipitately from his control.†(Scott Fitzgerald 125) – This quote reveals that Tom is getting frustrated and shocked because of the accident. He feels as though he is losing control over both women, Daisy and Myrtle. You could see the signs of tension between Gatsby and Tom when they get into a verbal argument of some sort. Tom needs control and when he doubts his control, over a situation or another person, he cant handle it. â€Å"With every word she was drawing further and further into herself, so he gave that up, and only the dead dream fought on as the afternoon slipped away, trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, despairingly, toward that lost voice across the room.†(Scott Fitzgerald 134) -As she spoke, he became more and more aware that Daisy would never be his. The dream that he once had of them being together slipped away. He was becoming forced to realize the truth even though he somehow wished it was different. â€Å"So we drove on toward death in the cooling twilight†¦.† Nick: ‘â€Å"Was Daisy driving?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Gatsby: ‘â€Å"Yes, but of course I’ll say I was.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott Fitzgerald 137-143). – Fitzgerald placed the first quote as a foreshadowing of Myrtle’s death. I don’t understand why Gatsby and the other characters mourn for Myrtle, they act if it was just a normal day by day event. It’s interesting how Gatsby spoke as if Daisy’s reaction was the only thing that mattered. â€Å"He put his hands in his coat pockets and turned back eagerly to his scrutiny of the house, as though my presence marred the sacredness of the vigil. So I walked away and left him standing there in the moonlight — watching over nothing.†(Scott Fitzgerald 145) -Before the trip into the city and the accident, Gatsby was convinced that Daisy was in love with him and would without a doubt leave Tom for him. When he watches Daisy and Tom in the kitchen, the reality of the situation is starting to hit him. Ever since he and Daisy fell apart when she married Tom, he has entirely devoted his life to getting wealth to impress Daisy and win her back. He has devoted his whole life and heart to this woman, and so as he watches her slipping away from him again, he knows nothing more than to return to his vigil over the woman that has controlled his life.

Philosophy( ethical interview) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy( ethical interview) - Essay Example She is a humanitarian as well as an environmentalist. She recycles every week and is usually inclined to bring in stray cats and dogs when she spots them along the street. Jenny’s L.P.N. position brings her to the aid of many elderly individuals who are incontinent and unable to manage the basics of personal care. Certain aspects of her job place her in a position of having to change diapers or clean up messes involving bodily fluids. This is a task which would cause even the strongest of stomachs. When asked how she is able to stomach such tasks, she says that she is reminded of her elderly grandparents who require similar levels of care. She recalls how they came from such terrible events in history and yet continued on with their lives disallowing the events of the Holocaust from keeping them from living their lives and from being productive human beings. She is so proud of this legacy, that she gleans a sense of perseverance from their attitude. She also tends to see many of her elderly patients as individuals who have been through most of what life has had to offer; and that those individuals deserve our respect and care. Because of this p hilosophy, Jenny is motivated to care for these elderly patients in a way that honors them in a manner of dignity and respect. Jenny tends to work more with elderly citizens at her hospital position more so than with middle age individuals or children. This is a job that many in the nursing field would rather not do. There is certainly a difference between changing the diaper of an infant and the diaper of an elderly person. Because of her feelings on the elderly and her love and respect of them; she is very enthusiastic about being able to care for them on a day to day basis. She often finds herself having to feed them or assist them with their meals and snacks. This is an opportunity she says, to allow them to open up and talk. Sadly, Jenny says

New product development and product innovation charter Essay

New product development and product innovation charter - Essay Example Therefore, a white product manufacturing company must understand that technological advancements are the key to success in the market (Avlonitis & Papastathopoulou, 2006). 1. a) Product innovation charter entails product planning and strategizing prior to its development. PIC charter summarizes all the necessary tools that a company’s development team should draft to come up with new products. The charter ensures that a product developed under it targets to achieving the company’s goals and objectives. Thus, the specialists must abide to PIC if they target to ensure their development is for the best of the company once it is in the market. It enables the team to set the product’s objectives in accordance to sales forecasts. A product will product will be of critical importance to a company if only it will draw positive attention from the consumer markets, as this is the only way of improving sales margins (Annacchino 2007). Similarly, sales should be profitable t o the company at the long run as far as the company is a profit making organization. Further, a significant development is that which enables a company acquire a higher market share relative to its previous one. Managers and product developers should focus on improving the market share competently and profitably (Avlonitis & Papastathopoulou, 2006). b) Every company has a mission and vision in its business field. Therefore, to come up with the best results of every innovation, the team should consider the goals and objectives of the company. For example, if a company’s mission is to enhance economic growth and customer satisfaction, the new product should entice the consumer to feel closer to the company and on deriving satisfaction from his purchase, will mean profitability to the business. Since perfect market competition is a rare case, a brilliant innovation will enable the company to grow in the market and undermine competitive threats. Eventually, a company shall pose a positive image to the society and other business affiliates if only the charter refines its image through healthy innovations (Karniel & Reich, 2011). c) The challenges that come with every innovation are as well overwhelming. Managers should understand that product charters only reveal prospects and not certainty. The criterion often tends to control development teams to operate within distinct procedures. Therefore, the team may develop a product that suits specific needs. This results to reduction of sales prospects, profitability, and market segment. The company finds realizes to be loosing worth an investment to a nonperforming product. It is advisable that companies should endure on practicing the best details a product innovation charter can offer in relation to the company’s goals and objectives (Karniel & Reich, 2011). 2. a) The key factors to that influence companies to concentrate in new product development programs are diverse. Companies find that all markets pos e competition and to ensure co-existence they must come up with products that place them above per. Other companies seek to maximize profits and after careful revision of the products that they already offer in the market, they realize the need of a new product that will profitably benefit the company in its operations. Companies notice that, whenever new products hit the target market profitably economies of scale reflect positively, and the rate of growth draws a positive view from their affiliates (Avlonitis&

Examine the view that media industries view audiences as commodities Essay

Examine the view that media industries view audiences as commodities. Discuss with reference to at least two theorists - Essay Example Notwithstanding the varied nature of broadcasting in each of these systems, the fundamental purposes remain more or less the same - advocating for social and business issues, including marketing, advertising, public relations, propaganda and political communication. When it comes to entertainment, mass media plays a key role in the production and distribution of music, acting and sports (Croteau and Hoynes, 2003; Pg 15). Another crucial function of mass media is to make public service announcements in region-specific manner. Our article is going to focus exclusively on the interrelation between media industries and audiences - whether media industries view audiences as mere commodities or not. To address the concern of the main question we need to look at the socio-cultural impact of media on its audiences. It can be said without an iota of doubt that media and culture in today's world play a leading role in sustaining and reproducing contemporary societies, regardless of geographic barriers. Any society needs to replicate itself to survive, and culture inculcates ethics and behavioral patterns that make people susceptible to abide by institutionalized ways of intellection and conduct. Now while any form of media should ideally strive to promote harmony and ethical standards among the mass, it's often been observed that the 'narratives of media culture' present blueprints of both acceptable and unacceptable behavior, candying important social and political issues and thereby, distorting them. The audience tends to relate themselves, often paradoxically, to what is being fed to them rather than what needs to fed more often (Durham and Kellner, 2006; pg 9). Gradually the so ciety runs the risk of getting detached with the root of indigenous culture and moral standards. This is especially applicable to media and entertainment where subaltern imageries are often promoted. The subaltern classes are largely disintegrated in any society, and they are prone to impressionism to a great extent. The economic development and production of a state also interferes with their ideologies. In addition to this, the subaltern classes generally give active or passive consent to the existent hegemony (Media Studies, 2008). Now the question we have raised here has direct connections to exertion of political authority over media. According to Antonio Gramsci, the Italian Marxist theorist, the Italian fascism wielded its stifling authority over the media and other social, cultural and political establishments (Durham and Kellner, 2006 Pg 3). When similar situations occur, media starts acting as the mouthpiece of the hegemony, and it begins exploiting the audience as commodi ties by producing and distributing provocative materials that lack depth. The role of television can be held as a relevant topic of discussion in this regard. Charlotte Brunsdon raises a valid question pertaining to the ideologies of television programs from a nonacademic perspective. She also makes a liberalist evaluation of television audiences in the United Kingdom since the 1970s. She argues that while already tried and tested art forms such as theater, music and literature have principled values tagged with them; television is something more 'real', or in other words, has potential to be a medium of airing productions that can be comprehended by the mass in general, and that have extensive

Santa Monica Mountain Watershed Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Santa Monica Mountain Watershed - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the Santa Monica Mountains in the United State are parallel to the Mountain Santa Susana which is mainly situated straightly to the north side of the mountains crossways the San Fernando Valley. Many tourists come here every year for viewing and feel the beauty of the fresh air at the mountains, valleys, rivers, and forest in the Mountains. The mountain range is situated on the banks of Pacific Ocean. So it can provide a fantastic beach for the tourist in the evening. The UC natural set aside Scheme that plays an enabling position in the main research project that is of worldwide importance. By offering sheltered, landscape-scale locales, in addition, to support services devoted to research there sites to catch the attention of experts in a large variety of fields ranging from engineering, environmental science and marine environmental science to computer science, forestry sciences and geology. The Santa Monica Mountain Watersheds features and channel morphology are the main purposes of geologic and atmosphere controls. In the San Monica Mountain, the geology was discovered to be one of the significant aspects of developing the presence of summer low flow habitation which is possibly one of the main limiting aspects in California streams. Some of the places aquifers are present and also the water in the ground area is forced to the surface area due to the presence of sheer mistakes, springs and seeps are more general. The appearances of rocks by way of low hydraulic conductivity and a non-existence of faulting presence to show the way little or no base flow. On a regional level the eastern area of the Santa Monica Mountain likely provides a superior prospective for summer season low flow on the reason of the favorable geology. â€Å"Escondido and Little Sycamore also had potential in terms of providing low flow habitat with approximately 49 and 40 percent of the channel being wet during the dry months, respectively. Further comparison and ranking of the quality of fish habitat among basins will be elucidated through analysis of the existing field data† (Harrison et al. 13). Target audience of the Santa Monica Mountain Watersheds are, the K-12, University student, teacher, general public and Non-Formal Educator. More than 90,000 peoples are lives in the regions of the Los Angles state call this watershed house as do innumerable animals and plant species. Protection of watershed is the one of the extremely significant aspects not only the quality of life of the residents of the country but also to guarantee the long-term healthiness of the ecosystem. On the other hand enhanced urbanization has resulted in the quality of water and quantity matters in addition to the loss of grave habitat. Various association and organizations is gather various data’s and information in the watershed, a number of them are going back healthy more than 20 years. Information relating to the quality of water is of particular significance due to its consequence on plant, person, and animal and on the whole system health. â€Å"The Las Virgenes Municipal Water District, H eal the Bay, the Resource Conservation District, the City of Calabasas and many other agencies has

Writer's Memo for the final draft (letter) Assignment

Writer's Memo for the final draft (letter) - Assignment Example I made these changes because I felt that a letter to an Editor would have to have the necessary shift in perspective from being on the offensive to taking a softer line. This was done out of propriety as well as a desire not to join issue with the other readers. I wanted to get my point across and argue about the editorial without taking on other readers on what may seem to be a futile attempt to join issue with them. The intention here was to comment on the issue at hand and not get carried away in making my case strongly. I did quote on more than one occasion from the editorial. The quotation that I chose was to reflect the gravity of the issue at hand and make some suggestions regarding the same. The idea here was to show the author of the editorial the points where I agreed with her and the points where I felt she should have taken a more assertive stand. Hence, I selectively quoted from the article to reflect these positions of mine. I want to make the point that guns do not have a place in a civilized society and particularly in national parks. Hence, my target audience would be the kind of people who would join the Mothers against drunk driving and similar projects. I was trying to convey my sense of anguish about using guns in public places and particularly in the national parks and hence wanted to convey my desire to make my stand clear. If my letter has to be evaluated fairly, my stand against taking guns to public places must be made clear and that I have strong opinions regarding the same. To the best of my ability, I have made everything clear. I have stated the reasons for writing the letter as well as the position that I took. In this way, I have conveyed the reasons why I wrote that letter as well as what changed from the initial draft and what remained the same. Hence, I hope to be evaluated according to the merits of the letter and

Human Resource Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human Resource Strategy - Case Study Example This company is a worker co-op. It is one of the most exemplary companies when it comes to implementation of best practice strategies. This is because all the employees within the organisation are part owners of the organisation. The organisation focuses on addressing all their needs whether in the reward section or elsewhere. On the other hand, the employees pay back these efforts through commitment and best performance. Best practice has formed one of the organisation's key strengths. John Lewis partnership has made sure that training is part of its human resource and development efforts. This is because it realises the value of this best practice strategy. Pfeffer and Velga (1999) explain the importance of training and development of skills within any organisation. A company that takes its employees through training solidifies their contribution to the company. This is because such employees get equipped with the ability to make decisions in their work. On top of this, such employees have high levels of initiative and will try their utmost best to improve their organisational contribution. Skill development is a characteristic part of the John Lewis Partnership because employees who feel the need to improve their skills are given opportunities to do so through training schemes. Youndt et al (1996) emphasise that training is one of the most fundamental aspects of best... They claim that no amount of training will contribute towards organisational development if employees are not granted the permission to practice those acquired skills. This means that an organisation should try its best to grant work autonomy to its employees and to empower them through training. John Lewis has achieved this very well. In other retail companies, line managers are given minimal responsibilities. Most of them are expected to consult with higher authorities in order to decide on issues. However, the company under study has eliminated that problem by training those members of staff (so that they can have necessary skills) and then allowing them to make independent decisions. They believe that this is a form of investment into human capital since most of these employees feel valued. According to the Classical and Human relations approach, an organisation's structure and operation are affected by certain situational factors such as technology, size and environment. However best practice advocates like Burnes (2000) came up with a contingency theory. He believes that a reward system within any company can affect the way it operates or how it is structured. Pfeffer (1994) believes that best practice companies should have a structure that places staff members into groups. Those groups should be such that they have the ability to make their own decisions. Another aspect of best practise firms is that they ought to have reward systems that are compact in nature. This implies that there should be minimal differences between different members of staff so that most employees within the organisation operate in a relatively independent manner with the ability to make their own decisions. John Lewis' strategic capability in this aspect of structure is

Response To Peter Pans Text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response To Peter Pans Text - Essay Example The heterosexual desire is seen in the interaction of the two as they are overly sexualized. The focused light is although contrasted later in the scene due to lack of pigmentation in Peter's face when he is losing the fight in the last battle with Hook. The play displays the use of lighting to indicate different character’s feelings. In the romantic scene with Wendy, sexual stimulation and excitement are shown by the use of color red, while blue lighting reflects unhappiness and the lack of sexual stimulation. The play is revealing shades and colors since it is lit to resemble daylight before the entrance of Peter. When the two male protagonists start to fight the set is changed into a dark shade of red. The lighting also changes in the play highlighting Hook’s face to be red indicating his excitement. This happens when he’d realized he was beating Peter in the emotional game through verbally announcing his anxieties and fears, while Peter’s face was in a dull shade of blue showing his sadness. However, this changes when he battled Peter to the ground as the color changed to blue showing compassion. The play implicates a deeper connectional meaning to their fight, emotional attachments to each other, instead of the original version of good and evil. It shows that they are incomplete and have secret desires for companionship. The play shows the attempt by Disney in fighting or trying to eliminate the homosocial aspects present in Barrie's work out of the culture media.

Secularism in British Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Secularism in British Society - Essay Example For centuries in Britain, monarchs ruled by Crown and Church. There is also the belief that the pope is the god on earth and must have supreme authority over the state. The pope has the right to depose the king throughout the ages. Around the year 1900, English people believed in social progress. "Public drunkenness became rare and alcoholism ceased to be an accepted fact of private life. Literacy became nearly universal, sanitation and diet improved at every level of society. People put great effort into staying clean, and governments built infrastructure that enormously increased the availability of water to common people. Wages nearly doubled in a generation"(Himmelfarb and Knopf 1995). Britain was so powerful empire with colonies. She was rich commercially as well as in military. It was the era of rapid industrialization and urbanization. On the second half of 19th century, Britain was on the verge of "moral and social collapse". The country was in chaotic condition. Himmelfarb and Knopf noted that "society was riddled with class and racial prejudices that most people today would find gruesome." There was economic crisis, poverty, ignorance and diseases. Crime was so common that they even have to transport criminals to other state such as Australia. Furthermore, "cities were growing in an almost unregulated fashion as the impoverished peasantries were driven off the land." The government was so corrupt even making the parliament as the tool of aristocratic factions. There was a sense of moral degradation in the state. Many professed to be Christians yet denying its true essence. Poor workers were asked to work for long hours at low wages. The society was separated from the religious world and religion becomes a personal matter. The idea of the sacred that was long a tradition was lost. People were increasingly concerned on achieving worldly things for personal gains. Secularization has progressively pervaded Britain. Theocracy ceased to have influence or authority on the Englishmen's social and political life. Religion lost its role in shaping political and social policies. It has become even irrelevant to the lives of ordinary people. Levels of Christian observance are even becoming lower than they used to be. The good "Victorian values" people used to follow were viewed as despotic and hypocritical, and gathered too much intellectual reaction. This cultural change could be traced back to the age of enlightenment. It was the era of philosophy and intellect as well as scientific and cultural development that promoted reason as the prime source and rightful for authority. It gradually created a crisis of faith in Britain. Some of these newly-bred philanthropists were non-believers. Some liberal churches rejected some traditionally known doctrine such as the doctrine of Hell. There was widespread absence at churches, which they normally do every Sunday.

Track employee locations Essay Example for Free

Track employee locations Essay After the deployment of AD it will benefit the users in maintaining a better security with a single sign on user ID and password. It will also help the administrator in maintaining the system policies. EIS will be on top of the system and it will help in smooth functioning, better backup policies, disaster recovery, security etc. By the end of the development, an end user has created a custom information system geared to its own business and that of its customers. The reporting systems generated an EIS software is not only pleasing to look at but easy to use. It allows top-level executives who dont have time to hold weekly meetings or spend time developing complicated reports to get a window on the information they need to run their businesses effectively. The flexibility of EIS programs allows databases across the entire enterprise to be accessed from departments ranging from distribution to human resources. One of the latest developments in EIS software has been its ability to connect to the Internet. This allows executives of international companies to remotely access all databases across the entire organization by simply using a Web browser. Nearly all the industries middle and upper managers now have access to Executive Information Systems (EIS) that were once reserved for high corporate officials. The systems, which afford executives immediate access to needed information, have become ubiquitous throughout such areas as human resources, claims, and sales and marketing. While the majority of insurers use EIS for data-related activities, use EIS to track employee locations as well as other functions. Although Executive Information Systems were originally conceived as a means to give top corporate brass fingetrip access to up-to-date company information, the systems are being increasingly utilized by upper and middle managers as well. These sorts of capabilities historically have just been in the executive suites. Now companies are trying to get this information out to the front lines. The underwriters and sales force managers have it. Its much more front-line focused, he noted. Most companies use EIS to gather data in any number of areas including marketing, sales, claims or human resources. That information is then compiled into a single database from which relevant information can be retrieved. EIS is an especially useful tool for companies who want to focus on improving service levels and marketing while reducing costs. This is driving the need for EIS or decision support type systems. People are looking increasingly at process reengineering. They cant really improve things they cant measure. EIS systems allow them to measure. They can look at what their goals are what their key performance indicators are, and can manage them over time. Many company, use EIS to track employee locations, and also use the system to track specific information concerning sales and claims management. (Dyment, J. J. 1999, pages 20-26. ) Nearly all the industries middle and upper managers now have access to Executive Information Systems (EIS) that were once reserved for high corporate officials. The systems, which afford executives immediate access to needed information, have become ubiquitous throughout such areas as human resources, claims, and sales and marketing. While the majority of insurers use EIS for data-related activities, use EIS to track employee locations as well as other functions. (Eden, C. and Ackermann, F. (1992), pp53-77) The evolution in computerized information systems can be viewed from the viewpoint of the end user and the direction in which information is flowing. If we ask the question For whom is this new information system primarily being developed? we find that early systems were designed primarily for operating personnel generally to communicate among themselves. Only recently have the needs of the executive been addressed. Even in recently developed EIS the information flow is primarily tactical information taken from the operating levels and sent up the ladder to the executive. In the future we see more emphasis on strategic information and more information flow between executives and from the executive down to the operating level. (H. Watson, R. Rainer, and G. Houdeshel, 2002, page 34. ) The majority of information systems developed in the past have been primarily to support operational functions in the organization. Examples are accounting systems to help keep the books of the corporation, and personnel/ payroll systems to automate payroll processing and assist human resource personnel in maintenance of employee records. Of course senior managers sometimes receive reports from these systems but the reports are usually hard copy printouts of extensive amounts of data or summarized reports prepared by lower-level managers or staff. (Damodaran, A. 2001, page 5. ) Early EISs were primarily on-line management reporting systems which provided the same reports, but via a terminal or workstation, perhaps with some color graphics. The first generation of EISs really consisted of colorful computerized briefing books or report books with little value added when compared with their hard copy counterparts. Many of these rudimentary systems (some estimates range as high as 70 percent) were abandoned after several months of usage because of the high cost of the computerized system when compared with the same paper-based system. Other reasons cited for abandoning these systems are High maintenance cost, sometimes requiring one support person for every three executive users †¢ User interfaces not customized to the individual executives and therefore not appealing †¢ Canned systems which were not developed for the individual and therefore do not provide information really needed by the executive (Duncan, K.and K. Moores. 1999) The new generation of EISs currently entering the market still addresses information flow from the operating to the executive level; however, these systems are adding more value to the data, and they are beginning to address strategic, mission-critical information. Rather than simply providing senior executives an electronic report book with unassisted drill-down to layers of underlying canned data, these new systems provide automated analysis tools which help executives convert raw information into knowledge that can be acted upon (Watson, H.J. , R. K. Rainer, C. Koh 1998). Examples of these new analysis tools include monitors which automatically highlight data values that are outside of preset trigger points, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to explain underlying information relationships. For example, the executive may turn on the system in the morning and begin to review information automatically downloaded to the system overnight. The EIS alerts him or her that the end-of-quarter financial results for Far East operations have just been transferred from overseas to the database. The executive chooses to review that information first, and a highlighted monitor brings to his/her attention total Far East operating expenses, which are much higher than planned. Rather than drilling down and aimlessly wandering around in massive amounts of underlying data, the new generation system allows the executive to ask, why are total Far East operating expenses so high?

Fw Taylor Scientific Management Theory Business Essay

Fw Taylor Scientific Management Theory Business Essay This leadership style is about take it or leaves it, which means that the boss has the right to make decisions not the workers. In such leadership style there is always one way communication. Workers sometime feel demotivated because the managers do not benefits from the experience of their employees working in organization from a very long. Democratic There is a two way communication which means that in democratic leadership style workers are also involve in decision making because managers think that they can get new ideas from workers for the success of the business. While making quick decisions consulting staff can be a time consuming as well. Paternalistic This is leadership style where managers consult staff to make decisions but at the end managers decide what they think is the best for them. In such case workers sometime gets demotivated because they give their ideas but managers just ignore them due to which workers think that they are just a time wasters. Laisse Fair A type of leadership where managers let worker go and delegate all the authority of decision making. Workers have full rights of decision making as the managers are not even able to come up with any goal or direction and completely involve workers in decision making. Some employees sometime get lost because of a lack of direction and framework and no feedback from managers. P7 F.W Taylor Scientific Management Theory Taylor made his first attempt on workers motivation. His thoughts about workers motivation were that management should give workers proper instructions about their job to increase workers productivity. Taylors scientific approach was that select worker to perform a task, record the time taken by each worker to do each part of the task and then identify the quickest method recorded, train workers by the recorded quickest method and do not allow workers to make any changes to it, give workers a specific time period to complete their task and supervise them so that they do not exceed the given time limit and pay workers based on their performance. The result of Taylors research was that many industries adopt Taylors approach for greater profit as the approach was about increase productivity and performance related pay. Adams Equity Theory A theory which focuses on peoples feelings of how fairly they have been treated Depends on the comparisons we make with others and on how we perceive the relationship between inputs i-e time, effort, skills, experience, ideas and outputs i-e remuneration and recognition. If we think we have done better than we should have done, we may feel some tension but can bear that more easily than feeling hard done by Elton Mayo Human Relations Theory Mayo is best known for his Hawthorne effect. These were based on series of experiments conducted over five year period. Initially his work was based on the assumptions that working conditions, lighting, rest periods etc has a significant impact on workers productivity. But later on experiments were conducted which forced mayo to accept that working conditions are not important in determining productivity level as there are other motivational factors needed to improve workers productivity level. Mayo did the conclusion from his work that changes in working conditions and financial reward have little or no impact on productivity while when there is a team or group working system in industries, management consult workers, take interest in their work, give workers role in decision making can be improve productivity level. Maslow Hierarchy Theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Physiological Need These are the basic needs thus managers should give employees a proper salaries so that employees purchase the basic necessities of their life. They should give break and eating opportunities for their employees. Safety Needs These needs includes environmental, emotional and safety protection. Managers should give workers flexible contracts, health and safety at work, financial security etc to retain them. Social Needs This is about the social event for the employees and making team work system by the managers to encourage employees towards their jobs. Esteem Needs Esteem needs of employees can be fulfill by managers to reward employees and exceed their targets. Manager can give employees higher job positions in organization which helps in bringing the status of employees higher. Self Actualization Self actualization needs are the need where managers give challenges to their employees during their jobs to fully utilize employees skills and growth opportunities are also given to employees by the managers so that they reach to its highest. Hygiene Theory Hygiene needs are the needs which does not meet and cause employees to dissatisfaction. Meeting these needs does make employees satisfy but it hardly prevents them from dissatisfaction. Hygiene is a medical word which means to do something that is necessary. If the Hygiene motivation theory is present then management should not only provide hygiene factors to avoid dissatisfaction of employees but should also provide factors to the work itself for their employees to be satisfied with their jobs. Below is the table that contains factors that lead employees to satisfaction and dissatisfaction; Factors leads employees to satisfaction Factors leads employees to dissatisfaction Achievement Recognition Work Itself Responsibilities Advancement Growth Company policy Supervision Relationship with Boss Work Conditions Salaries Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation Vroom suggested that individuals choose to behave in ways that they believe will lead to outcomes that value. His expectancy theory states that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that there is a positive link between effort and performance and favorable performance will result on a desirable reward. The reward will satisfy important needs. His expectancy theory is based on the following beliefs; Valence: The depth of the want of an employee for a reward such as money or a reward such as satisfaction. Expectancy: The degree to which people believe that putting effort into work will lead a given level of performance. Instrumentality: The confidence of an employee that he/she will actually get what they desire even if it promised by the manager. P8 Monetary Rewards It is also called financial reward system where organizations motivate employees through money. Below are some monetary reward systems; Hourly or wage rate system This is the most common way of paying and multiplies it by the wage rate so that employees collect their wages by the end of the day. A problem with this system is that workers deliberately slow down their work during the day so that they finish their work late and work as an over time. in such cases employees have no job security and incase of sickness a worker does not get paid. Piece Rate System This is given by FW Taylor which is about output related pay. Workers get paid according to their work they have done in a time period. Incase of sickness there is no money and also workers do work quickly in order to make more money due to which quality can be comprise. Salary System Salary is only given to an employee who has legal job contract. Diference in salaries of two different employees is due to the difference in their skills. Employees sometime get an increase in their salaries by the end of the year. Employees with legal contracts get paid even when an employee is sick or on vocation. Commissions Usually given to sales men and is calculated as percentage of sales that an employee make. Normally an employee gets a basic salary plus commission to motivate worker to work hard. This means that an employees income is dependent upon their work however workers do not like to work just on commission. Performance Related Pay Usually given to above average performance workers and is given to management staff. It involves the following procedures; Give workers a target to achieve in a specific time period Check workers performance at the end of the time period Pay workers according to the degree to which they meet the target. A problem with performance related pay is that can do favoritism and pay their family and friends instead someone who really deserves it. Profit sharing This is a way of paying senior management staff i-e CEO or MD. The idea behind it is to break the line and make employees apart of the owners. Usually companies share profits by giving shares, dividends, share in sales revenue, share in retained profits etc. By profit sharing companies get 100% loyalty and motivation from their employees. Non Monetary Rewards This is called non financial rewards where organizations motivate their employees not through money. They motivate employees through training, interaction and delegation and authority. Below are some non monetary reward systems; Job Rotation it is originated from Japan where organizations change the departments of their employees time after time. Job rotation does not bore make an employee get bore with his job because his jobs rotates to different departments with different jobs. Sooner the employee becomes a multi specialize person. Job Enrichment An employee stays on his post but his job scope and responsibility increases. This means an organization load an employee with more than one task. Job Enrichment Given by Herzberg involves not only allowing an employee reach to his full ability but also giving less supervision. This involves the following 3 steps; Let the worker perform a complete unit of tasks so that a worker does not get bored by doing the same job again and again. In other words do not do division of labor. Place a system where you can measure the performance of workers. Let the workers know that this hard work is being judged. Give workers task or challenges other than their routine work. Team Working Division of labor moves away team building therefore do not do division of labor and let employees join teams of their own choice. A team can choose a leader, can be given targets, and team member develop team spirits and hence workers are more productive. A common example a team building is a cell production. Experience shows that firms that encourage team building come up with more quality work. Quality Circles A quality circle is a group of friends meeting in informal manner once a week to discuss about work. Usually if new ideas comes out of a circle the is communicated to the CEO. A disadvantage of quality circle is that workers gossip and talks against each other. Target Setting When an organization sets targets then the following is obtained; They can have a starting point They can have an end point They can choose a direction They can put a time frame They can have a control mechanism They can check the performance of workers. Delegation and Empowerment When the authority is delegated to someone then it means that a person is trust worthy and a trust worthy person always maintain his trust and work hard for the success of the organization. P9 Formal Group It is a systematic grouping of workers in organization to achieve organizational goal in a best possible way. The importance of formal group working is discussed below; Importance of formal group working It helps to carry out specific tasks into different departments to deal with human resources, marketing or accounts. Groups set up from time to time to deal with particular problems i-e to discuss how the introduction of new technology might be handled. Group comes together to work on particular project of organization. Informal Group A group formed by the employees themselves having similar interest or may have something else in common. The importance of informal group working is discussed below; Importance of Informal Group Working Informal groups can improve communication and exchange of ideas for employees in organization and can make work more enjoyable. It helps to support their group members and protect them from the external authority and outside pressure. It increases the employees security and sometime it also enable work to be done more effectively. Group working also assist managers to solve problems as when they notice that any individual is involve in taking advantage of a situation which can cause problem for the group members, they just take a step to come over such situation before the manager is aware of it. Factors which Affect Individual Behavior at Work The major factors affect individual behaviors at work are Demographic factors, abilities and skill, attitude and personality. All these factors are discussed below; Demographic Demographic factor is about the background of an individual according to his, education, skill, age, nationality etc. Organization always prefer such an individual that belongs to a have high qualification, having good skills for communication, young age etc because organizations believe that such individuals are performing well for organization. Individuals belong to a good background having good and effective communication skills are always in demand by organizations. Study of demographic factors really helps managers to select a candidate for a particular job. Ability and Skills The physical power of individual to do something is call ability while skills are defined as the ability to perform in a way that allow individual to perform well. The performance of individual is highly influence by the ability and skills because with full ability and well skill can perform well for the organizations and managers always try to hire an individual that meet the required ability and skill for a specific job. Attitude It can be defined as the ability to respond favorably or unfavorably to some sort of objects or situations. Culture, organization, society has an influence in formation of attitude because employees perform in organization in the way they have their environment. Managers are bound to study variables of a specific job to create an environment for their employees so that they have a positive attitude towards their jobs. Personality it can be defined as the study of characteristics of an individual and the way in which an individual respond. There are many factors that influence in individuals personality i-e culture, society and situations etc. Every individual has difference in their manner while responding to organizational environment. Organizations need to discover about the personality of individual through learning, observation and training etc for a particular job in organization. P10 The Major Factors That Lead to Effective Teamwork Communication Effective teamwork facilitates through clear communication. Team members must follow the same line with respect to their targets and responsibilities. Effective communication is supported by the a particular methods and mediums of communication in certain circumstances and such mediums of communication can be one to one meetings, emails, group talks etc. all the team member should feel free to know about further clarification and responsibilities of job and should feel free to make any suggestion for the advancement of the team. If any conflict arises and teams engage to overcome, they only way to overcome such conflict is to have effective communication instead of solving the issue in gossip. Leadership Leadership plays an important role in leading an effective teamwork. Managers should support all the team members by making them feel as they all work to their highest potential. They should encourage the team members to speak during team meetings to coordinate the efforts of the team members. By doing so motivation arises from managers for the team members and the team members feel as they are also part of the organization and perform with their full potential for the success of the organization. Team Building Exercises Shared experiences and practices also play an important role in developing an effective teamwork. By the introduction of new technology some team member will not see each other without making appoint. Team building exercises target to improve specific aspects of team such as communication and creativity. Games are the effective way to make the entire team member together to improve their relationship and promote their understanding of interest, strength and weaknesses etc. Factors that Threaten Teams Success Motivation Motivation is about to encourage workers to increase productivity and to improve their performance. If there is no concept of motivation in organization and teams do not have any rights to give any suggestion for the success of the business then teams will get demotivated and will promote their teams towards success. Leadership Leadership can be a threat for the teams success in such a manner that if there is an autocratic leadership style in organization and all the rights are with the managers not with the team workers, in any organization where the team workers do not have the right find any solution for the minor issue arise while they are working and are bound to ask for the upper level manager for any conflict then the team will not last for longer and their team development will come to stop at that point. Advancement in the new technology With the introduction of new technology team members of some organizations do not have the ability to operate with it and the team members need to have a proper on the job and off the job training. If organization fails to provide training program for their team to get use of the new technology this will be the serious threat for the success of the teams. P11 Impact of Technology on Communication and Information Technology Technology has increased the speed of communication between office workers, communication with suppliers, banks, and even with customers. Technology came up with computers, internet and intranet which made communication easy and faster. Team workers communicate with each other for achieving their team task through emails. Every team has a team leader and the leader passes the information to the rest of the team members. Email made it very easy for the team workers to communicate each other as whenever the team leader has any task for the rest of the member the leader put all the information in email and send a loop email to all the members. The advantage of the loop email is that all the members will receive the same email with the same information not everyone will get separate email. Inside the organization employees communicate each other through intranet which a good source of communication to communicate from one department to another. Intranet is normally use in every organizat ion having lots of different departments where it is very difficult to walk each department to pass any authority but technology made it very easy due to which every department is now link with each other and whatever information is needed to pass can be done quickly from any department without walking to other department. M3 Bill Gates Bill Gates was born on 28th October 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He belongs to a family of entrepreneurship. He had an interest in software. Bill Gates was co founder, chairmen and chief executive officer of Microsoft. Bill gates became a student at Harvard University in1973. He is also known as the richest person of the world. In 1975 he left Harvard to form Microsoft with his friend Paul Allen to develop software for the new personal computer market. Characteristics of Bill Gates Bill Gates was very smart and intelligent person because he skip math that is because he scored 1590 out of 1600 on SAT. He was a brave one because when he was to lose lots of profit from Microsoft he went to court to fight against IBM and finally won against IBM. Bill Gates is very serious of what he does. Whatever he used to start he did not do anything else until he is done with the first one even if it takes him a longer time. He is able to a successful entrepreneurship for many years till now due to which he is known as the worlds successful entrepreneur. He is a hard worker and self confident person that helped him to achieve everything and is one of the ideal personalities of the world. He believes that if you are intelligent and confident from your childhood you can achieve anything, all such qualities took him to a top position in his chosen professional. Microsoft was his vision that a computer on every disk and every computer with Microsoft software. His basic vision was also that even every house hold must have computer with Microsoft software. When Bill Gates was a student every student wanted to graduate as successful. Bill Gates stop studying and started writing software for computer, his passion about coding, technology and software made his the richest person. Leadership Style of Bill Gates Bill Gates has directive and participative leadership style he specifies that what needs to be done to achieve productivity. He Believe that a task should be planed and organized so that he or she receive a proper guidance about their job. If a task is not clear then still a directive leader is there to clarify the task. He is very participative and involves his potential employees in decision making to get useful ideas from them for the success of the business. Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in San Francisco. He was co founder and CEO of Apple. Jobs used to be in garages of his neighborhood working on electronic on weekends and this shaped his interest in the field where he grew. When jobs reach college age he requested his parents to get enroll in Reed college one of expensive college in Oregon where he just spent a time of one semester and then dropped out. During 1980 Jobs developed Mac operating system for Next Computer Company but it was actually owned by Apple due to which Mac was realized by Apple in 1990. Characteristics of Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was also a very confident and intelligent as Bill Gates. As he was interested in the field of electronic and grew in that field as well, he brought all his efforts and experience into practice and came up with new developments for the new generation i-e he came up with Mac operating system and other electronic devices. He was a leader as he knows the best, he was not in favor of involving other in his decisions. His had an autocratic leadership style due to which employees were demotivated because they had no rights over the business. Steve Jobs was a hard worker and he would not let go of a problem until it was solved and once the first problem was solver he used to move to the next one. He had enough knowledge of what is going on with the product because he wanted Apple to be the great one. Whatever he was building was the most beautiful product. His aim was to come up with beautiful products to market and make lots of money from it. Leadership Style of Steve Jobs Steve Jobs had an autocratic leadership style, he kept all the rights to himself and did not use others ideas. His policy was that employees were not involves in decision making. Analyze Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Both the leaders were successful leaders. Bill Gates wanted to make computers and Microsoft software more popular among people and wanted to see computer along with Microsoft software everywhere. Bill Gates is an intelligent leader and has directive or participative leadership style while Steve Jobs had an autocratic leadership style which was not as good as compare to Bill Gates leadership style because the leadership style use by Bill Gates is also the way of motivating employees giving them rights in decision making while people criticized on the leadership of Steve Jobs where employees felt that they are not part of the company because Steve Jobs wanted employees to be far from the decision making. By the comparison of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs the policy applied by Bill Gates is the best one according to the motivation of employees. M4